East Tasman Plateau

Coordinates: 43°58′S 150°29′E / 43.96°S 150.48°E / -43.96; 150.48
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

43°58′S 150°29′E / 43.96°S 150.48°E / -43.96; 150.48

Gilbert Seamount
which is labelled on the map

The East Tasman Plateau is a submerged

microcontinent south east of Tasmania. Its area is 50,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi), and it is mostly from 2,500 to 3,000 metres (8,200 to 9,800 ft) deep.[1] It is a circular piece of continental rocks surrounded by oceanic crust. Volcanism occurred there 36 million years ago.[2] The East Tasman Plateau is separated from the island of Tasmania by 100 kilometres (62 mi) of deeper water, and the East Tasman Saddle is a higher ridge connecting the plateau to the Freycinet Peninsula region of the Tasmanian East Coast.[1] This ridge runs north west from the plateau.[1] South-west of the plateau is the L'Atalante Depression.[3] The East Tasman Plateau represents a continental fragment
.

Tectonics

Prior to tectonic rifting, the East Tasman Plateau microcontinent was attached to the southeast of Tasmania and the north east of the South Tasman Rise.[2] To the northeast, east and south east of the plateau was the Lord Howe Rise.[4] In the

Sea floor spreading continued to move this continental sliver away to the east from Tasmania and Australia, and the rift jumped into the Lord Howe Rise and separated off the East Tasman Plateau.[2] The detachment of the East Tasman Plateau from the Lord Howe Rise has left a large gulf on the west side of the Lord Howe Rise around 38°S 162°E where it used to be.[4]

In the late Cretaceous the East Tasman Plateau was at 65°S and it moved north to 60°S in early Oligocene.[5]

Geology

The geology of the East Tasman Plateau includes early hard continental type rocks, volcanic rocks which are part of sea mounts, and marine sediments deposited since it was below sea level.

The earliest continental East Tasman Plateau rocks that have been brought to the surface of the sea are of Neoproterozoic age, and include gneiss, rhyolite, quartzite, sandstone, ferricrete, and metamorphosed sediments.[3]

The eastern edge of the plateau facing the Tasman Basin is steep, dropping more than 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) and composed of granite.[1]

Sediments on the East Tasman Plateau start with silty clay from

foraminifers.[5] After this the circumpolar current strengthened and only ooze deposited.[1] The current rate of buildup of ooze on the seabed on the plateau is about 0.01 millimetres (0.00039 in) per year which is quite slow.[6] The sinking has been at the rate of 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) in 10 million years (0.1 mm/year), so the buildup of sediments is not keeping pace with submergence.[1]

After the deposition of sediments, the sediment has been modified by

phosphatisation and the formation of ferromanganese crusts.[7]

Paleoclimate

Carbonate-clumped isotope thermometry uses the carbon-13 and oxygen-18 isotope levels in carbonates to determine the sea temperature. This is in addition to the microfossils, which give a temperature clue as different organisms live in different water temperatures. The sediment cores from the East Tasman Plateau give a history of the temperature of the Southern Ocean and are valuable in seeing the limits of climate change in the future. Water temperature on the Plateau has been as high as 22 °C (72 °F).[8][9]

Cascade Seamount

The Cascade Seamount is an

late Oligocene.[3] Originally the volcano was more than 400 m (1,300 ft) above sea level. The age is confirmed by foraminifera microfossils Chiloguembelina cubensis, Globigerapsis index, Globigerapsis rubriformis, Subbotina angiporoides and Subbotina linaperta found in the sediment on the volcano. This sediment settled in shallow water.[10]

The Cascade Seamount is part of a chain of volcanic seamounts that extend south to the Balleny Islands near Antarctica.[11]

High frequency

echograms show that the top of the seamount is covered in sediment, but that the steep slopes are rocky. There is possibly a debris flow on the east flank.[12]

The name for Cascade Seamount has also been called Cascade Guyot. The feature was discovered in 1944, and appeared on chart BA214 in 1954. It was named after the Cascade Brewery.[13]

Fauna

Above the sea at this location typical Southern Ocean animals are found such as several kinds of

Thalassarche melanophrys, and Thysanoessa macrura.[14]

Molluscs found on the Cascade Seamount include

Sassia kampyla (curved rock-whelk).[15] The deep water sea star Novodinia australis has been found on the Cascade Seamount.[16]

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-0642467218
    . Retrieved 5 July 2014.
  2. ^ a b c d C. Gaina, R. D. Müller, B. Brown and T. Ishihara: Microcontinent formation around Australia Archived 2008-07-23 at the Wayback Machine in Geological Society of Australia Special Publication 22, 2001 page 400–405
  3. ^
    ISSN 0812-0099
    .
  4. ^
    ISSN 0148-0227
    .
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Exon, N. F. (December 2003). "Late Cretaceous to Oligocene Geological History of the East Tasman Plateau, a Key Piece of the Tasmanian Gateway Story - ResearchGate". AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
  6. ^ Nees, Stephan; I Martinez; P De Decker; M Ayress (1994). "A stable—isotope record for the Late Quaternary from the East Tasman Plateau" (PDF). Evolution of the Tasman Sea Basin. Rotterdam: Balkema. pp. 197–202. Retrieved 5 July 2014.
  7. ISSN 0812-0099
    .
  8. ^ Dvorsky, George (22 April 2014). "Ancient Antarctica Was As Warm As Today's Florida And California". Io9. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
  9. PMID 24753570
    .
  10. ^
    S2CID 131045253
    .
  11. ISSN 0091-7613
    .
  12. ^ Melissa, E.; Daniell, James J.; Harris, Peter T.; Heap, Andrew D. "Acoustic Sea floor Mapping of Southeast Australia". 2002 Moss Landing – Agenda & Abstracts GEOHAB. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
  13. ^ "Fourteenth Meeting of the GEBCO Sub-Committee on Undersea Feature Names (SCUFN)" (PDF). Tokyo. 20 April 2001. p. 25. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
  14. ^ "Antarctic Taxa – Biodiversity database". Retrieved 10 July 2014.
  15. ^ Grave, Simon. "Southern Ocean - Cascade Seamount - Southern Surveyor Stn 68". A Guide to the seashells and other marine molluscs of Tasmania. Taroona Scientific. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
  16. ^ Rowe, Frank W. E. "Record: Invertebrates - Marine & Other:J.21714 Occurrence record". Atlas of Living Australia. Australian Museum. Retrieved 12 July 2014.

Extra reading

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