Electric watch
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Lip
electronic watch, caliber LIP R 184 (Fixed coil system, contact controlled)
In
wheel train. They were superseded by quartz watches, which had greater accuracy and durability due to their lower parts count. Recent automatic quartz
watches, which combine mechanical technology with quartz timekeeping, are not included in this classification.
Weaknesses
A weak point in early balance wheel electric watches was the
contacts on the balance wheel, which turned the solenoid on briefly to provide the impulse to keep the wheel oscillating. These wore out and did not operate reliably.[3] Later designs used electromagnetic sensing, with a transistor in the circuit to turn the solenoid on.[citation needed
]
Types of electric watches
- Moving M40.
- Fixed Lip electronic R 27, LIP R 148, Elgin electronic 722, 725, 910 which were the smallest electronic movements ever made and Landeron (ESA- Ebauches S.A.) 4750.
- Citizen X-8 series and SeikoElectronic 31A. Another common example is ESA Dynotron cal. 9150.
- Tuning fork watches: Instead of a balance wheel, these watches used a tuning fork driven by a solenoid powered by a one-transistor oscillator circuit and no mechanical contacts.[8] The tuning fork had an attached pawl and 'index wheel', which turned the gear train. The common frequencies used in watches were 300 Hz (ESA MOSABA cal. 9162, 9164 and 9210), 360 Hz (Bulova Accutron[9] cal. 214 and 218), Slava Transistor, Tianjin 'Yinchabiao', Prim Elton, 480 Hz (Bulova Accutron cal. 2300) and 720 Hz (Omega Megasonic cal. 1220 and 1230). Omega F300Hz and Speedsonics series are common examples of ESA MOSABA based watches.
See also
References
- ^ Engineering time: inventing the electronic wristwatch, Carlene Stephens and Maggie Dennis, British Journal for the History of Science, Vol. 33, pp. 477–497, 2000, Cambridge University Press
- ^ The Electric Watch Repair Manual, Henry B. Fried, 1965, B. Jadow and Sons Publishers, Library of Congress Card Number 65-18620, p.34, "ELECTRIC TIMEPIECES - HOW AND WHY THEY WORK"
- ^ The Electric Watch Repair Manual, Henry B. Fried, 1965, B. Jadow and Sons Publishers, Library of Congress Card Number 65-18620, p.59, "SPARKING: ITS CAUSES AND CURES"
- ^ The Electric Watch Repair Manual, Henry B. Fried, 1965, B. Jadow and Sons Publishers, Library of Congress Card Number 65-18620, p.161, "THE HAMILTON ELECTRIC WATCH"
- ^ "The Hamilton Electric 500". Archived from the original on 2014-02-12. Retrieved 2014-09-11.
- ^ The Electric Watch Repair Manual, Henry B. Fried, 1965, B. Jadow and Sons Publishers, Library of Congress Card Number 65-18620; p.134, "THE BENRUS ELECTRIC WATCH"; p.149, "THE ELGIN'S ELECTRIC WATCH"; p.171 "THE LIP ELECTRIC WATCH"; p.183, "THE SWISS ELECTRIC WATCH"
- ^ "The Electronic Age". Retrieved 2014-09-11.
- ^ The Electric Watch Repair Manual, Henry B. Fried, 1965, B. Jadow and Sons Publishers, Library of Congress Card Number 65-18620, p.103, "ACCUTRON"
- ^ "The Accutron "Spaceview D"". Archived from the original on 2014-11-28. Retrieved 2014-09-11.