Encore
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An encore is an additional performance given by
Origin of the encore
Encores are believed to have originated from Italian operas in the 18th century. One of the earliest recorded encores was in 1786 at the premiere of Mozart's Marriage of Figaro. Contrary to modern encores, encores were traditionally spontaneous and followed a singular piece or movement. Performers would often perform an encore to multiple pieces within one concert; this could nearly double the length of a concert.
It is commonly believed the encores first began due to a lack of ways to listen to pieces on demand. If people wanted to listen to their favorite pieces, they would have to see them live and many rarely had the opportunity to do this. For this reason, people would demand the chance to hear a piece a second time.
Instrumental concerts
At the end of a concert, if there is prolonged applause, one more relatively short piece may be performed as an encore. In some modern circumstances, encores have come to be expected, and artists often plan their encores. Traditionally, in a concert that has a printed set list for the audience, encores are not listed, even when they are planned. A well-known example is the performance of the
Sometimes, especially with premiers, certain movements might be applauded enough to provoke an encore of the movement. At the first performance of Haydn's The Creation, Haydn had requested for there to not be any encores of movements out of respect for the entirety of the piece and the continuity of the work.[3] Sometimes, however, some longer and larger works will not have an encore as it is deemed inappropriate. Sometimes though, it is just simply due to the conductor or artist simply being exhausted after a long program.[4]
Opera performances
Beginning in the 18th century, if an aria was strongly applauded, it might be repeated.
Restrictions on encores
For "Figaro", on 9 May 1786 Emperor Joseph II of Austria issued an order limiting encores.[6]
By tradition, some world-class opera houses, such as La Scala and the Metropolitan Opera, officially discourage encores, especially for vocal solos, as encores were associated with less serious performances.[7][8]
In the mid-19th century, encores were officially banned in northern Italy, since the
The ban at the Metropolitan was explicit in the printed programs at the beginning of the 20th century, but was nevertheless often broken at the insistence of the audience.[11] Encores at the Met became rarer later in the century.[7]
Popular music
Following the restrictions of encores, rock bands picked them up in the 60s, likely because they were associated with chaos. In most circumstances, it has become standard for
Some artists include their encore as the second half of the concert. For example, the Jamaican
In the early days of modern rock music,
Morphine frontman Mark Sandman sometimes mocked the practice. At the close of Morphine shows, he would wave and say "Thank you! Good night!", but the band would remain in their places, and the lights would not be dimmed. After several minutes, the band would begin playing again.[citation needed]
Boston played multiple shows with four encores throughout the 1980s.[16]
Both The Cure and Prince have been known to play a large number of songs in their encores, either in a long singular encore or spanning across multiple encores. The encore portions of their sets have sometimes lasted longer than the initial shows themselves. The Cure has played up to five encores on a handful of occasions and Prince has played up to seven.[17][18]
Most modern encores in pop and rock music are pre-planned and added to the fans' setlist. During The 1975's 2013 tour, they routinely played their popular song "Sex" as an encore song.[19] After their last regular setlist song, fans would chant "We want 'Sex'!" instead of "Encore!"
For modern performers, it is common for them to perform a song they have not previously done on their setlist. Usually, it is one of the more popular songs from the artist. However, some may still perform a song they have already done.
Encores on Broadway
On Broadway, encores are commonly used as a chance to recognize the cast for a longer period of time. Rather than calling the actors back to the stage to demand another performance, the audience will call the actors back to the stage for a final bow to accept more applause.[20]
Etymology
The word encore comes from the
References
- ^ a b Lalange Cochrane, in Oxford Companion to Music, Alison Latham, ed., Oxford University Press, 2002,2003
- doi:10.2307/3362371.
- ^ "'More!' The surprising history of the encore". Gramophone. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ "'More!' The surprising history of the encore". Gramophone. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
- ^ Wise, Brian (April 26, 2014). "Javier Camarena Gives Rare Encore at Metropolitan Opera". New York Public Radio.
- ^ ISBN 0-06-019046-9, p. 304
- ^ a b Barry, Colleen (February 24, 2007). "Tenor's encore breaks with La Scala tradition". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on 2014-01-04.
- ^ a b Wakin, Daniel J. (August 2008). "Ban on Solo Encores at the Met? Ban, What Ban?". The New York Times.
- ISBN 978-88-85065-15-4.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-252-06557-6.
- .
- ^ "Bob Marley & The Wailers Setlist at Meehan Auditorium, Brown University, Providence". setlist.fm. Retrieved 2019-07-16.
- ^ "Bob Marley & The Wailers Setlist at Westfalenhalle 1, Dortmund". setlist.fm. Retrieved 2019-07-16.
- ^ "Robert Pollard Setlist at The Theatre of Living Arts, Philadelphia". setlist.fm. Retrieved 2019-07-16.
- ^ Bort, Ryan (2015-01-09). "Elvis Presley and the Dying Art of Leaving Them Wanting More". Esquire. Retrieved 2019-07-16.
- ^ "Boston Setlist at USF Sun Dome, Tampa". setlist.fm. Retrieved 2019-07-16.
- ^ "The Cure Setlist at Don Haskins Center, El Paso". setlist.fm. Retrieved 2019-07-16.
- ^ "Prince Setlist at Festival International de Jazz de Montréal 2011". setlist.fm. Retrieved 2019-07-16.
- ^ "The 1975 Setlist at Webster Hall, New York". setlist.fm. Retrieved 2024-05-08.
- ^ "The Truth About Why Bands Still Do Encores – HOME". 2020-03-31. Retrieved 2024-05-08.
- ^ a b "encore". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- A Dictionary of Music and Musicians(1900).