English Harbour
English Harbour | |
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English Harbour is a natural harbour and settlement on the island of Antigua in the Caribbean, in the extreme south of the island. The settlement takes its name from the nearby harbour in which the Royal Navy established its base of operations for the area during the eighteenth century. Its population is 759 (2001 Census).
English Harbour is a centre of boating, especially yachting. There are two sheltered deepwater
English Harbour is best known for
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The Royal Navy had begun using English Harbour as a safe haven in the 17th century. In 1704 Fort Berkeley was built on a spit across the harbour entrance to defend it.
The Antigua Legislature assigned English Harbour to the King for naval use in 1725, and included adjoining land in 1729. By 1745, the harbour was fortified. Captain Horatio Nelson arrived in July 1784 as the senior officer of the Northern Division of the West Indies Station, commanding HMS Boreas, until his departure in 1787. Nelson referred to the harbour as an "infernal hole," while the "residents of these Islands are Americans by connexion and by interest, and are inimical to Great Britain. They are as great rebels as ever were in America, had they the power to show it." Nelson was joined in Dec. 1786 by Captain His Royal Highness Prince Wiliam Henry, commanding HMS Pegasus.[3][4]
Governor Shirley drew up plans in 1782 to fortify the high ground to the east. Construction of Shirley Heights began in 1788 and proceeded until 1793. Fort Shirley was garrisoned by the 86th Regiment in the 1830s, replaced by 180 soldiers of the 36th Foot in 1833. The garrison was abandoned in 1854, making the harbour defenceless.[4]: 127, 134, 201
Subsequent history
The Royal Mail Steam Packet Company used the harbour as a port of call from 1840 onwards.[4]: 201
After 1815 the dockyard decreased in importance. By the 1850s the eastern yard was being used as a coal store and the western yard was described as being in poor repair.
After the land was returned to the Antigua government in 1906, the harbour facilities fell into ruin. Governor
In 2018, politicians urged local
Demographics
English Harbour has three enumeration districts.
- 71800 EnglishHarb-Town
- 71900 EnglishHarb-OrdnanceBay
- 72000 EnglishHarb-MiddleGround
Census data (2011)
| Q48 Ethnic | Counts | % |
|---|---|---|
| African descendent | 471 | 82.68% |
| Caucasian/White | 46 | 8.01% |
| Mixed (Black/White) | 6 | 1.12% |
| Mixed (Other) | 23 | 4.10% |
| Hispanic | 6 | 1.12% |
| Other | 10 | 1.68% |
| Don't know/Not stated | 7 | 1.30% |
| Total | 570 | 100.00% |
| Q49 Religion | Counts | % |
|---|---|---|
| Adventist | 22 | 3.94% |
| Anglican | 134 | 23.64% |
| Baptist | 19 | 3.38% |
| Church of God | 5 | 0.94% |
| Evangelical | 10 | 1.69% |
| Jehovah Witness | 4 | 0.75% |
| Methodist | 199 | 35.27% |
| Moravian | 17 | 3.00% |
| None/no religion | 33 | 5.82% |
| Pentecostal | 42 | 7.50% |
| Rastafarian | 5 | 0.94% |
| Roman Catholic | 34 | 6.00% |
| Wesleyan Holiness | 14 | 2.44% |
| Other | 16 | 2.81% |
| Don't know/Not stated | 11 | 1.88% |
| Total | 565 | 100.00% |
| NotApp : | 4 |
| Q55 Internet Use | Counts | % |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | 286 | 50.28% |
| No | 279 | 48.98% |
| Don't know/Not stated | 4 | 0.74% |
| Total | 570 | 100.00% |
| Q58. Country of birth | Counts | % |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | 1 | 0.19% |
| Other Latin or North American countries | 1 | 0.19% |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 435 | 76.35% |
| Other Caribbean countries | 5 | 0.93% |
| Canada | 1 | 0.19% |
| Other Asian countries | 2 | 0.37% |
| Other European countries | 8 | 1.49% |
| Dominica | 6 | 1.12% |
| Dominican Republic | 5 | 0.93% |
| Guyana | 11 | 1.86% |
| Jamaica | 22 | 3.91% |
| Monsterrat | 1 | 0.19% |
| St. Kitts and Nevis | 2 | 0.37% |
| St. Lucia | 4 | 0.74% |
| St. Vincent and the Grenadines | 3 | 0.56% |
| United Kingdom | 20 | 3.54% |
| USA | 28 | 4.84% |
| USVI United States Virgin Islands | 2 | 0.37% |
| Not Stated | 11 | 1.86% |
| Total | 570 | 100.00% |
| Q71 Country of Citizenship 1 | Counts | % |
|---|---|---|
| Antigua and Barbuda | 490 | 86.03% |
| Other Caribbean countries | 1 | 0.19% |
| Canada | 1 | 0.19% |
| Other Asian and Middle Eastern countries | 1 | 0.19% |
| Dominica | 5 | 0.93% |
| Dominican Republic | 2 | 0.37% |
| Guyana | 10 | 1.68% |
| Jamaica | 16 | 2.79% |
| St. Lucia | 1 | 0.19% |
| United Kingdom | 15 | 2.61% |
| USA | 12 | 2.05% |
| Other countries | 7 | 1.30% |
| Not Stated | 8 | 1.49% |
| Total | 570 | 100.00% |
| Q71 Country of Citizenship 2 (Country of Second Citizenship) | Counts | % |
|---|---|---|
| Other Caribbean countries | 10 | 12.86% |
| Canada | 2 | 2.86% |
| Other Asian and Middle Eastern countries | 1 | 1.43% |
| Dominica | 3 | 4.29% |
| Dominican Republic | 2 | 2.86% |
| Guyana | 1 | 1.43% |
| Jamaica | 6 | 8.57% |
| St. Lucia | 2 | 2.86% |
| St. Vincent and the Grenadines | 4 | 5.71% |
| United Kingdom | 13 | 17.14% |
| USA | 22 | 30.00% |
| Other countries | 7 | 10.00% |
| Total | 74 | 100.00% |
| NotApp : | 495 |
| Q91 Business Earning | Counts | % |
|---|---|---|
| Under $1,000 EC per month | 23 | 45.83% |
| 1,000 to $1,999 EC per month | 5 | 10.42% |
| 3,000 to $4,999 EC per month | 14 | 27.08% |
| $5,000 EC and over per month | 8 | 16.67% |
| Total | 51 | 100.00% |
| NotApp : | 497 | |
| Missing : | 22 |
| Q117 MoneyOverseas (Money from friends and family overseas) | Counts | % |
|---|---|---|
| Under 100 EC$ | 441 | 96.74% |
| 100 to 499 EC$ | 6 | 1.40% |
| 500 to 999 EC$ | 1 | 0.23% |
| 1,000 to 1,999 EC$ | 1 | 0.23% |
| 2,000 to 4,999 EC$ | 1 | 0.23% |
| 5,000 to 99,999 EC$ | 5 | 1.16% |
| Total | 456 | 100.00% |
| NotApp : | 114 |
| Employment status | Counts | % |
|---|---|---|
| Employed | 265 | 58.14% |
| Unemployed | 33 | 7.21% |
| Inactive | 156 | 34.19% |
| Not stated | 2 | 0.47% |
| Total | 456 | 100.00% |
| NotApp : | 114 |
References
- ^ http://laws.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/cap-466.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ "The political Neanderthal". 12 March 2020.
- ^ Burns, alan (1965). History of the British West Indies. New York: Barnes & Noble, Inc. p. 460,545.
- ^ ISBN 9780333751695.
- ^ a b Coad, Jonathan (2013). Support for the Fleet: architecture and engineering of the Royal Navy's bases, 1700–1914. Swindon: English Heritage.
- ^ "UNESCO listing application".
- ^ "Tourist information".
- ^ "nationalparksantigua.com".
- ^ Staff writer (12 March 2018). "Squatters promised land for one dollar per square foot". Antigua News Room. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
- ^ "Antigua and Barbuda::Statistics Division/Redatam Webserver | Statistical Process and Dissemination Tool". redatam.org. Retrieved 2021-12-23.
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