Escadre d'évolution
An Escadre d'évolution (French, literally "Evolution squadron") is a squadron of warships of the French Navy cruising in peacetime for the purpose of training their crew and student officers.[1][2]
History
The French Navy started organising Escadre d'évolution early in its existence. During the 17th century, Tourville conducted such exercises. [2]
The practice fell in disuse due to an era of wars and lack of credits. During the reign of
In 1775,
In 1776, Sartine increased the strength of the Escadre d'évolution to 17 ships, including three ships of the line, seven frigates, five corvettes and two cutters.
Training at sea resumed after the
-
Louis XVI visiting Cherbourg in 1786, by Louis-Philippe Crépin
The French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars removed the opportunity to conduct training cruises for a whole era again. In the 1840s, the practice was reintroduced under the impulsion of such officers as Lalande.[15]
See also
- The United States Navy had a Squadron of Evolution in the late 19th century.[16]
- The Brazilian Navy also had an Evolution Squadron in the late 19th century.
Citations
- ^ "s.v. Escadre". Vocabolario di marina in tre lingue. Vol. 2. Milan: Imprimerie Royale. 1813. p. 91. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
Escadre d'évolutions... A squadron fitted out for the purposes of exercising
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|agency=
ignored (help) - ^ a b c Vergé-Franceschi (2002), p. 557.
- ^ Archives nationales (2011), p. 189.
- ^ a b c Lacour-Gayet (1905), p. 72.
- ^ Taillemite (2002), p. 149.
- ^ Roche (2005), p. 58.
- ^ Archives nationales (2011), p. 198.
- ^ Archives nationales (2011), p. 200.
- ^ Lacour-Gayet (1905), p. 25.
- ^ Lacour-Gayet (1905), p. 79.
- ^ Archives nationales (2011), p. 202.
- ^ Lacour-Gayet (1905), p. 80-81.
- ^ Roche (2005), p. 152.
- ^ Lacour-Gayet (1905), p. 589.
- ^ Taillemite (2002), p. 294—295.
- ^ Rentfrow (2014), p. 2014.
References
- OCLC 763372623.
- OCLC 865711810.
- Roche, Jean-Michel (2005). Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours 1 1671 - 1870. OCLC 165892922.
- OCLC 606770323.
- OCLC 836362484.
- ISBN 2-221-08751-8.
External links
- Archives nationales (2011). "Fonds Marine, sous-série B/4: Campagnes, 1571-1785" (PDF). Retrieved 29 April 2020.