Fédéré
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The term "fédérés" (sometimes translated to English as "federates") most commonly refers to the troops who volunteered for the French National Guard in the summer of 1792 during the French Revolution. The fédérés of 1792 effected a transformation of the Guard from a constitutional monarchist force into a republican revolutionary force.
"Fédérés" has several other closely related meanings, also discussed in this article.
Origin and terminology
The term "fédérés" derives from the Fête de la Fédération, the annual celebration during the revolutionary era, celebrated at the Champ de Mars in Paris the anniversary of the storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789. However, the term "fédérés" as used by historians today almost always refers to the volunteer troops of 1792. The third fête of 1792 was of a far more radical nature than that of 1790, and prefigured the militant insurrections later in the year.
1790 celebration
At the first fête de la Fédération in 1790,
Provincial militia in Paris – 1792
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In early May, 1792, the
The prospect of thousands of new militiamen descending upon the capital for an indeterminate length of time was a highly contentious one. Some, like the king, saw it as a plot to stack Paris full with anti-monarchists, while others, like Maximilien Robespierre, feared the outsiders might be used as a provincial counterweight to the radical Parisian sans-culottes.[1]
King Louis employed his
Eventually thousands of the provincial volunteers arrived regardless of the king's disapproval, and they were given a warm welcome by members of the
The fédérés issue helped lead to a series of Parisian insurrections throughout the spring and summer, culminating in the assault on the
Other meanings
1815
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The term "Fédérations" was revived during the Cent-Jours. It was an anti-royalist movement intended to repress local revival of monarchists after the flight of the Bourbons.
1871
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The term "fédérés" was revived during the Paris Commune. The Communards' Wall is known in French as the Mur de Fédérés.
1964
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- Roman Catholiclay organizations founded in 1964.
- Fœderati, any one of several outlying nations providing military assistance to ancient Rome in exchange for payment, often in the form of grants of land, serving as monoëthnic units under native leaders (as opposed to traditional polyethnic “auxiliaries” commanded by Roman officers).
References
- ^ a b c Schama, pp.604–605.
- ^ Soboul, p. 245.
- ^ MacLehose, p. 405.
- ^ N. Hampson (1978) Danton, p. 71
- ^ Barbaroux, Charles Jean Marie (1822). Mémoires de Charles Barbaroux, député à la convention nationale: Avec une notice sur sa vie par Ogé Barbaroux et des éclaircissements historiques (in French). Baudouin. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ Max Gallo (2007) Robespierre, p. 169
- ^ Soboul, p. 259.
- ^ Godineau, pp. 110–111.
Sources
- Godineau, Dominique (1998). The Women of Paris and Their French Revolution. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-06718-5.
- MacLehose, Sophia H. (1904). From the monarchy to the republic in France, 1788–1792. Glasgow: J. MacLehose & Sons. p. 405. OCLC 1898577. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- ISBN 0-679-72610-1.
- ISBN 0-394-71220-X.