Félix Éboué
Félix Éboué | |
---|---|
Governor of Guadeloupe | |
In office 1936 –1938 | |
Personal details | |
Pronunciation | French: École nationale de la France d'Outre-Mer |
Allegiance | Free France |
Adolphe Sylvestre Félix Éboué (French:
As governor of Chad (part of French Equatorial Africa) during most of World War II, he helped build support for Charles de Gaulle's Free French in 1940,[3] leading to broad electoral support for the Gaullist faction after the war.
He supported educated Africans and placed more in the colonial administration, as well as supporting preservation of African culture. He was the first black person to be buried in the
Early life and education
Born in
Éboué won a scholarship to study at secondary school in
Career
Éboué served in colonial administration in
Two years later, with conflict on the horizon, he was transferred to
New indigenous policy for the French empire
As governor of the whole of French Equatorial Africa between 1940 and 1944, Éboué published The New Indigenous Policy for French Equatorial Africa, which set out the broad lines of a new policy that advocated respect for African traditions, support for traditional leaders, the development of existing social structures and the improvement of working conditions. The document served as a basis for the Brazzaville conference of French colonial governors, held in 1944, that sought to introduce major improvements for the peoples of the colonies.[5]
He classified 200 educated Africans as "notable évolués" and reduced their taxes, as well as placing some Gabonese civil servants into positions of authority. He also took an interest in the careers of individuals who would later become significant in their own rights, including Jean-Hilaire Aubame and Jean Rémy Ayouné.[citation needed]
Personal life
Éboué married Eugénie Tell. In 1946 one of their daughters, Ginette, married Léopold Sédar Senghor, the poet and future president of independent Senegal.
In 1922, Éboué was initiated as a freemason at "La France Équinoxiale" lodge in
Éboué died in 1944 of a
Legacy and honours
Éboué was awarded an Officer of the
In 1961, the
Within France, a square, Place Félix-Éboué, in
The main airport of Cayenne, French Guiana, which was previously named after the
The Lycée Félix Éboué in N'Djamena is one of Chad's oldest secondary schools. Founded in 1958 as a general education college, it was made a lycée in 1960, the year that Chad became an independent country. In 2002, it was split into two separate schools, each with about 3000 students.[11]
References
- ^ "Félix Éboué". AZ Martinique (in French). Retrieved 5 July 2022.
- ^ "Adolphe-Félix-Sylvestre Eboué (1884–1944)". Black Past. 26 February 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
- OCLC 254075497. Retrieved 2 June 2020.and to invite all French possessions loyal to Vichy to join it and continue the war against Germany; within two years, most did.
There was much support for the Vichy regime among French colonial personnel, with the exception of Guianese-born governor of Chad, Félix Éboué, who in September 1940 announced his switch of allegiance from Vichy to the Gaullist Free French movement based in London. Encouraged by this support for his fledgling movement, Charles de Gaulle traveled to Brazzaville in October 1940 to announce the formation of an Empire Defense Council
- ^ a b c Barry, Françoise. "ÉBOUÉ FÉLIX - (1884-1944)". Encyclopædia Universalis [en ligne]. Encyclopædia Universalis France. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
- ^ ÉBOUÉ, Félix. "La nouvelle politique indigène pour l'Afrique équatoriale française". cvce.eu by uni.lu. Toulon: Office Français d'Édition. 08-11-1941. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
- ^ Dictionnaire universelle de la Franc-Maçonnerie, page 253 (Marc de Jode, Monique Cara and Jean-Marc Cara, ed. Larousse , 2011)
- ^ Dictionnaire de la Franc-Maçonnerie, page 380 (Daniel Ligou, Presses Universitaires de France, 2006)
- ^ Joseph Badila, La franc-maçonnerie en Afrique noire: un si long chemin vers la liberté, l'égalité, la fraternité, Detrad, 2004, p. 142)
- ^ "Archives d'Outre-mer - 20 mai 1949 : Félix Éboué entre au Panthéon". le portail des Outre-Mer. France TV. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
- ^ "1945 Governor-General Félix Éboué catalogue - LastDodo". www.lastdodo.com. Retrieved 2021-07-31.
- ^ "Présentation du Lycée Félix Eboué I". Memoire Online. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
Further reading
- Weinstein, Brian (1972). Éboué. Oxford University Press: New York. ISBN 0195014677.
- Oulmont, Philippe (2011). "Félix Eboué, un jaurésien inattendu". Cahiers Jaurès. 200 (2): 147. .