Fort Monckton
Fort Monckton | |
---|---|
Gosport, England | |
Type | Battery, later training site |
Site information | |
Condition | Complete |
Site history | |
Built | 1779-1790 |
In use | 1790-1956 (as battery) 1956-present (as training site) |
Fort Monckton is a historic military fort on the south-east shoreline of the
History
Haselworth Castle (1545-1556)
A Henrican fort, variously titled Hasleworth or Haselford,[1] was erected on the site in 1545. The fortification was only lightly armed, and is depicted on the Cowdray Print as a circular keep with an outer wall.[2] The castle was abandoned in 1556, only 11 years after construction, as a result of a review by the Marquis of Winchester. A 1587 map indicates that "Hasleworth Castle beaten downe by King Philip", potentially in reference to a story about the castle being demolished after it failed to grant Phillip a salute in 1554.[2] The ruins continued to be marked on maps until 1788. There is some dispute as to the exact location of the fortification, but the modern site of Fort Monckton is considered the most probable. No maps produced after the completion of Fort Monckton mark the ruins.[2]
Construction (1779-1790)
Despite several previous plans which noted the exposed nature of Portsmouth harbour to attack, it was not until the American War of Independence that construction of a defensive fort was started on the site in 1779.
Battery (1790-1956)
Some additional work expanding the barracks took place in the early 19th century, to add officer's quarters. A sea wall was added along the beach, along with a northeastern redoubt. Considered too small and old to dominate the key anchorage of Spithead by the 1860 Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom, they instead opted to build the new Fort Gilkicker and give Fort Monckton a minor defensive role in the defence of Portsmouth harbour. Very little was done to modify the fort during this period apart from reforming the gun positions to take the new armament. The fort was often used as a viewing platform for the fleet reviews as illustrated in the editions of the Illustrated London News for 1856 and 1858.
In 1875, experiments were carried out at Stokes Bay with Wilde's Electric Light. The light was placed on the South-west bastion of the fort. More experiments continued with Lime Light and signalling lamps for shore-to-ship communication in July 1875.
In 1879, torpedo experiments were carried out at Stokes Bay and part of this consisted of a mock attack on Fort Monckton. This sham attack was recorded in the Illustrated London News.[6] The fort was an ideal viewing platform for the observers and members of the public.[7] In 1880, another demonstration of naval warfare took place in the vicinity of the fort.[8][9] In 1880, the 4th Company of Submarine Miners of the Royal Engineers occupied the fort. They moved out in 1884 to Fort Blockhouse, leaving Fort Monckton as accommodation for the R.E. Militia during the annual training. Anti-aircraft searchlights were located in the fort during World War 1 and an anti-aircraft artillery unit was quartered in the fort during World War 2.
Virtually abandoned after World War II, the fort was however retained by the Ministry of Defence[10] and remained armed until the abolition of coastal artillery in 1956.[11]
No.1 Military Training Establishment (1956-present)
Fort Monckton now remains the only fort in the Portsmouth area owned by the Army, as opposed to the Royal Navy.
The fort retains its original
Now referred to as No.1 Military Training Establishment by the
Armament
In 1872 the outdated armament was a mixture of smoothbore guns: two 8-inch, nine 32pr, two 24pr, six 18pr and two 12pr with two 7-inch rifled breech-loading guns. It was proposed to change this to five 7-inch R.M.L. guns and six 64pr R.M.L. guns.[18] In 1886 the armament mounted was: eleven 8-inch S.B. five 7-inch R.B.L. guns and six 64pr R.M.L. guns.[19] By 1891 the armament had been reduced to six 64pr R.M.L. guns, two on ordinary sliding carriages and the other four on standing carriages. These were mounted two to each of 1, 2 and 5 Bastions. By this time accommodation within the fort was for eight officers with 70 NCOs and men. There were also quarters for 15 married soldiers.[20]
See also
- Swan Island (Victoria), site used for training by the Australian Secret Intelligence Service
References
- ^ "Fortified Places > Fortresses > Gosport". www.fortified-places.com. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
- ^ a b c "Friends of Stokes Bay » Haselworth (Hasleworth) Castle". www.friendsofstokesbay.co.uk.
- ^ a b c d "Fort Monckton". fortgilkicker.co.uk. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
- ^ "Friends of Stokes Bay » Fort Monckton". www.friendsofstokesbay.co.uk.
- ^ The Portsmouth News July 1875
- ^ Illustrated London News October 25, 1879
- ^ "Fort Gilkicker: Night Attack October 17th 1879". www.fortgilkicker.co.uk.
- ^ The Times August 11th 1880 "Experimental Naval Attack on Harbour and Fort Defences at Portsmouth"
- ^ "Fort Gilkicker: Stokes Bay Experimental Warfare 1880". www.fortgilkicker.co.uk.
- ^ a b The Western Defences of Portsmouth Harbour 1400-1800 by G.H. Williams Portsmouth Papers No.3 Page 47
- ^ a b "Fort Monckton, Non Civil Parish - 1001844 | Historic England". historicengland.org.uk.
- ^ a b "Pastscape - Detailed Result: FORT MONCKTON". www.pastscape.org.uk.
- ^ Philip H.J. Davies, ‘From Special Operations to Special Political Action: The ‘Rump SOE’ and SIS Post-War Covert Action Capability 1945–1977’, Intelligence and National Security, 15:3 (2000), pp. 55–76, p. 64
- . p.15
- ISBN 1-903813-01-8.
- ^ "Secret Intelligence Service MI6 - UK Intelligence Agencies". Archived from the original on 4 December 2011. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
- ^ "Secret Intelligence Service "MI6"". Jamesbond.ajb007.co.uk. 30 April 2003. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
- ^ National Archive: Table of Proposed Armaments of Rifled Guns exclusive of Heavy R.M.L. Guns 1872.
- ^ National Archive: Proposal for Revised Armaments submitted by the Director of Artillery and Inspector General of Fortifications to the Defence Committee: Table A 1886
- ^ R.E. and R.A. Armament Record Book for Portsmouth 1890
External links
- Victorian Forts, Fort Monckton Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine