Francisco Ceinos
 | This article includes a improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (August 2020) ) |
Francisco Ceinos | |
|---|---|
| Interim viceroy of New Spain | |
| In office 14 April 1568 – 4 November 1568 | |
| Monarch | Luís de Velasco |
| Succeeded by | Gastón de Peralta |
| Judge of the Real Audiencia of Mexico | |
| In office 10 January 1531 – 16 April 1535 | |
| Monarch | Charles I |
| President | Sebastián Ramírez de Fuenleal |
| Preceded by | Nuño de Guzmán of the first Audiencia |
| Succeeded by | Antonio de Mendoza, Viceroy of New Spain |
| Personal details | |
| Occupation | Judge, bureaucrat |
Francisco Ceinos (also spelled Francisco Ceynos) was one of five oidores (judges) of the second Real Audiencia of Mexico. This group governed the colonies of New Spain from January 10, 1515 to April 16, 1535. Ceinos was also president of the audiencias that served as interim governments of New Spain from 1564 to 1566 and from approximately July 1568 to November of that year.
Appointment to the Audiencia
Before his arrival in New Spain, he served as fiscal (prosecutor) in the Royal Council of the Indies in Spain. After the disaster of the first Audiencia, Emperor Charles V was determined to find officials of proven humanity and integrity for the second one. He did this by soliciting the recommendations of the archbishop of Santiago and president of the Chancery of Valladolid, Juan Tavera. The second Audiencia was named in a royal decree dated January 12, 1530. Besides Ceinos, it included Bishop Sebastián Ramírez de Fuenleal as president, and Juan de Salmerón, Alonso de Maldonado and Vasco de Quiroga as oidores. In contrast to the members of the first Audiencia, all of these men were honest, honorable and capable.[citation needed] All were licentiates.
First term
Ceinos arrived in New Spain in 1530 and took up his position as oidor early the next year. Ramírez carried with him instructions to begin
The second Audiencia also improved the road from
In 1535 the second Audiencia turned over its governing powers to the first
Second and third terms
The second viceroy,
Ceinos served a third term in 1568, from July to November, when the Audiencia took charge pending the arrival of new Viceroy Martín Enríquez de Almanza. At this time the Audiencia included (besides Ceinos), Pedro Villalobos, Jerónimo Orozco and Vasco de Puga.
In total, Ceinos served as oidor for more than thirty years. He strongly opposed the exploitation of the Indigenous through the institutions of slavery, the encomienda system, forced labor and tribute.
On March 1, 1565, he completed comprehensive recommendations on colonization policies for newly conquered territories. In this report he wrote of the decimation of the Indigenous resulting from the Spanish conquest:
It is certain that from the day that Don Hernando Cortés, Marques del Valle, entered this land, in the seven years, more or less, that he governed, the natives suffered many deaths, much maltreatment, robbery and violence, taking advantage of their labor and their lands, without order or moderation.... A large part of the population disappeared, as much from the excessive tribute and maltreatment as from the diseases and smallpox, so that in this time the population is considerably less, especially in the hot lands.[1][2]
See also
- List of Viceroys of New Spain
References
- ^ McCaa, Robert (December 1995). "Fue el siglo XVI una catástrofe demográfica para México?". Cuadernos de Historia (in Spanish) (15). Translated by Aguirre, Carlos: 123–136. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
- JSTOR 205693. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
- García Icazbalceta, Joaquín (1999). "Colección de documentos para la historia de México : versión actualizada". Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (in Spanish). Universitat d'Alacant. Retrieved 2022-06-18. (1532 letter to the Emperor.)