Frederick Wensley
Frederick Porter Wensley | |
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Frederick Porter Wensley
Life and career
Frederick Porter Wensley was born on 28 March 1865 in Taunton, Somerset. His father, George Wensley, was a bootmaker. The family later moved to London, where Frederick became a telegraph messenger before joining the
In 1895 Wensley entered the CID as a probationary detective constable and was promoted to detective sergeant three years later. He first gained public attention in 1896 when he was responsible for capturing a burglar and murderer named William Seaman in a fight in Whitechapel in front of a crowd. Seaman had just murdered a pawnbroker named John Goodman Levy and his housekeeper, Mrs Sarah Gale (Seaman would later insist Levy was a fence of stolen goods). Unable to get out of the house on the ground floor, Seaman worked his way to the roof and was followed by Wensley. A fierce fight between the men occurred while a crowd collected. In the end Wensley managed to subdue Seaman. Seaman would later hang for the murder of Levy and Mrs Gale, placed between Milsom and Fowler the "Muswell Hill" murderers, to make sure that Fowler did not try to kill his partner as he had tried to do at their trial.
In November 1909 Wensley, now a detective inspector, was awarded the newly instituted
On 1 June 1920, Chief Inspector Wensley was made a member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE),[9] and in December 1921, now a Superintendent, he became head of the CID at Scotland Yard. In March 1922 Wensley was appointed to the new post of Chief Constable of the CID, having overall command of some 800 detectives in the London area, including 150 working directly from Scotland Yard.[1] In June 1928 he was promoted to officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE).[10]
On 31 July 1929 Wensley retired from the Metropolitan Police after 41 years’ service. He died on 4 December 1949.[1]
Controversial cases
Wensley's actions in two of his cases have been questioned over the years. In the "Clapham Common" Mystery of 1911, linked by the press to the Sidney Street siege,[11] the chief suspect, Steinie Morrison may have been observed unfairly by witnesses shepherded by Wensley. Wensley always continued to believe that Morrison killed the victim Leon Beron for his money (Beron carried a large sum on him at all times).[12][13]
The other controversial case was that of
Wensley also worked on the murder of Frenchwoman Emilienne Gerard, whose body was discovered on 2 November 1917. He interviewed Gerard's lover, Louis Voisin, and arrested him after discovering that he misspelt "bloody" in the same way as the murderer, who had left "blodie Belgium" at the crime scene.[2]
Published works
While Wensley's memoirs appear under the more common title of Forty Years of Scotland Yard, they were originally published in London under the title Detective Days and were only renamed upon subsequent publishing in New York City.[3] In them, Wensley downplayed his own role in the investigation of the Ripper murders:
Not that I had much to do with it. In common with hundreds of others I was drafted there, and we patrolled the streets usually in pairs-without any tangible result. We did, however, rather anticipate a great commercial invention. To our clumsy regulation boots we nailed strips of rubber, usually bits of old bicycle tires, and so ensured some measure of silence when walking.[3]
Wensley also agreed with commonly held theories that the police were never sure of their suspects, he commenting "Officially, only five (with a possible sixth) murders were attributed to Jack the Ripper."[16][17]
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f Brookman, p. 252-256.
- ^ a b "A Brief History of Scotland Yard", Smithsonian Magazine
- ^ a b c Frederick Porter Wensley Casebook: Jack the Ripper Retrieved 22 January 2008
- ^ Wensley p. 4.
- ^ Friends of the Metropolitan Police Historical Collection. Timeline:1919 Retrieved 16 January 2020
- ^ "Commonwealth War Graves Commission, War dead: Frederick Martin Wensley".
- ^ "Commonwealth War Graves Commission, War dead: Harold William Wensley".
- ^ "No. 28306". The London Gazette. 9 November 1909. p. 8243.
- ^ "No. 31840". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 June 1920. p. 3867.
- ^ "No. 33390". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 June 1928. p. 3856.
- ^
Porter, Bernard (February 1985). "Review: Will-O'-The Wisp: Peter the Painter and the Anti-Tsarist Terrorists in Britain and Australia". History. 70 (228): 152–53. JSTOR 24415042.
- ^ Lustgarten, 1950, pp. 43–87.
- ^ Lustgarten, 1958, pp. 27–58.
- ^ Lustgarten, 1950, pp. 127–162.
- ^ Lustgarten, 1958, pp. 3–26.
- ^ A Mystery Play : Police Opinions on Jack the Ripper, Casebook: Jack the Ripper
- ^ Wensley, p. 5.
References
- Brookman, Simon Frederick Wensley: 'The greatest detective of all time'. Orders & Medals Research Society Journal (Volume 58, number 4) December 2019 ISSN 1474-3353
- Lustgarten, Edgar Verdict in Dispute. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1950. (Lustgarten is quite critical of Wensley's performance in both cases, although recognises Wensley's general reputation.)
- Lustgarten, Edgar The Murder and the Trial, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1958. (Lustgarten is quite critical of Wensley's performance in both cases, although recognises Wensley's general reputation.)
- Wensley, Frederick Porter Forty Years of Scotland Yard. New York City, 1931 ISBN 1-4179-8997-1
- Moss, Eloise. "The scrapbooking detective: Frederick Porter Wensley and the limits of 'celebrity'and 'authority' in inter-war Britain." Social History 40, no. 1 (2015): 58-81. Open access version viewable here.
- Moss, Eloise. "Scrapbooks: A proliferation of meaning." Approaching Historical Sources in their Contexts: Space, Time and Performance (2020). [Chapter exploring Wensley's scrapbooks.
- Interview with Dr Eloise Moss on Frederick Wensley's scrapbooks on The Scrapbook History Podcast.
- Bishopsgate Library in London holds an archive collection of Frederick Wensley's diaries, notebooks, scrapbooks and other documents, donated by his daughter Edith Wensley.
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