French cruiser Pascal
 Pascal, c. 1897–1900
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 France | |
| Name | Pascal |
| Laid down | 4 December 1893 |
| Launched | 26 September 1895 |
| Commissioned | 20 May 1896 |
| In service | 1 June 1897 |
| Decommissioned | 10 June 1909 |
| Stricken | 24 March 1910 |
| Fate | Broken up, 1912 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Descartes class |
| Displacement | 4,005 t (3,942 long tons; 4,415 short tons) |
| Length | 100.7 m (330 ft 5 in) loa |
| Beam | 12.95 m (42 ft 6 in) |
| Draft | 6.01 m (19 ft 9 in) |
| Installed power |
|
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed | 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph) |
| Complement | 383–401 |
| Armament |
|
| Armor |
|
Pascal was a protected cruiser of the French Navy built in the 1890s, the second and final member of the Descartes class. The Descartes-class cruisers were ordered as part of a construction program directed at strengthening the fleet's cruiser force. At the time, France was concerned with the growing naval threat of the Italian and German fleets, and the new cruisers were intended to serve with the main fleet, and overseas in the French colonial empire. Pascal was armed with a main battery of four 164.7 mm (6.5 in) guns, was protected by an armor deck that was 20 to 40 mm (0.79 to 1.57 in) thick, and was capable of steaming at a top speed of 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph).
Pascal had a fairly short and uneventful career; after entering service in 1897, she was sent to
Design
In response to a war scare with Italy in the late 1880s, the French Navy embarked on a major construction program in 1890 to counter the threat of the Italian fleet and that of Italy's ally Germany. The plan called for a total of seventy cruisers for use in home waters and overseas in the French colonial empire. The Descartes class, which comprised Descartes and Pascal, was ordered to as part of the program.[1][2] The design for the Descartes class was based on the earlier cruiser Davout, but was enlarged to incorporate a more powerful gun armament.[3]
Pascal was 100.7 m (330 ft 5 in)
The ship was armed with a
Service history
Work on Pascal began with her
Pascal remained in East Asian waters in 1899, along with Descartes and Duguay-Trouin, though Jean Bart was recalled home.
In February 1904, she was at
Pascal had returned to France by early 1905, and she was placed in
Notes
- ^ Ropp, pp. 195–197.
- ^ Campbell, pp. 310–311.
- ^ Roberts, p. 242.
- ^ a b c Campbell, p. 311.
- ^ a b c d e f Roberts, p. 243.
- ^ France, p. 32.
- ^ Smigielski, p. 193.
- ^ a b Service Performed, p. 299.
- ^ Brassey 1898, pp. 59–60.
- ^ Brassey 1899, p. 73.
- ^ Jordan & Caresse, p. 218.
- ^ Brassey 1902, p. 51.
- ^ Brassey 1903, p. 62.
- ^ Brassey 1904, p. 90.
- ^ May, pp. 142, 145–146, 149.
References
- OCLC 496786828.
- Brassey, Thomas A. (1899). "Chapter III: Relative Strength". The Naval Annual. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 70–80. OCLC 496786828.
- Brassey, Thomas A. (1902). "Chapter III: Relative Strength". The Naval Annual. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 47–55. OCLC 496786828.
- Brassey, Thomas A. (1903). "Chapter III: Relative Strength". The Naval Annual. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 57–68. OCLC 496786828.
- Brassey, Thomas A. (1904). "Chapter IV: Comparative Strength". The Naval Annual. Portsmouth: J. Griffin & Co.: 86–107. OCLC 496786828.
- Campbell, N. J. M. (1979). "France". In Gardiner, Robert (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 283–333. ISBN 978-0-85177-133-5.
- "France". Notes on the Year's Naval Progress. XV. Washington, D.C.: United States Office of Naval Intelligence: 27–41. July 1896. OCLC 727366607.
- Jordan, John & Caresse, Philippe (2017). French Battleships of World War One. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-639-1.
- May, W. A. (1904). "The Battle of Chemulpho". The Commission of H.M.S. Talbot. London: The Westminster Press.
- Roberts, Stephen (2021). French Warships in the Age of Steam 1859–1914. Barnsley: Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-5267-4533-0.
- ISBN 978-0-87021-141-6.
- "Service Performed by French Vessels Fitted with Belleville Boilers". Notes on Naval Progress. 20. Washington, D.C.: United States Office of Naval Intelligence: 299. July 1901. OCLC 699264868.
- Smigielski, Adam (1985). "France". In Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal (eds.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. pp. 190–220. ISBN 978-0-87021-907-8.
- "The Naval Review at Kobe". The Japan Weekly Mail: A Review of Japanese Commerce, Politics, Literature, and Art. XXXIX (16). Yokohama: 433. 18 April 1903. OCLC 708482129.