Galois extension
In
field fixed by the automorphism group Aut(E/F) is precisely the base field F. The significance of being a Galois extension is that the extension has a Galois group and obeys the fundamental theorem of Galois theory.[a]
A result of Emil Artin allows one to construct Galois extensions as follows: If E is a given field, and G is a finite group of automorphisms of E with fixed field F, then E/F is a Galois extension.[2]
Characterization of Galois extensions
An important theorem of
finite extension
each of the following statements is equivalent to the statement that is Galois:
- is a normal extension and a separable extension.
- is a splitting field of a separable polynomial with coefficients in
- that is, the number of automorphisms equals the degreeof the extension.
Other equivalent statements are:
- Every irreducible polynomial in with at least one root in splits over and is separable.
- that is, the number of automorphisms is at least the degree of the extension.
- is the fixed field of a subgroup of
- is the fixed field of
- There is a one-to-one correspondence between subfields of and subgroups of
Examples
There are two basic ways to construct examples of Galois extensions.
- Take any field , any finite subgroup of , and let be the fixed field.
- Take any field , any separable polynomial in , and let be its splitting field.
characteristic zero
. The first of them is the splitting field of ; the second has normal closure that includes the complex cubic roots of unity, and so is not a splitting field. In fact, it has no automorphism other than the identity, because it is contained in the real numbers and has just one real root. For more detailed examples, see the page on the fundamental theorem of Galois theory.
An algebraic closure of an arbitrary field is Galois over if and only if is a perfect field.
Notes
- ^ See the article Galois group for definitions of some of these terms and some examples.
Citations
References
- MR 1878556
Further reading
- MR 1616156.
- S2CID 118256821.
- MR 0743418. (Galois' original paper, with extensive background and commentary.)
- JSTOR 2299273.
- "Galois theory", Encyclopedia of Mathematics, EMS Press, 2001 [1994]
- ISBN 0-7167-1480-9. (Chapter 4 gives an introduction to the field-theoretic approach to Galois theory.)
- Janelidze, G.; Borceux, Francis (2001). Galois theories. groupoids.)
- MR 1282723.
- Postnikov, Mikhail Mikhaĭlovich (2004). Foundations of Galois Theory. With a foreword by P. J. Hilton. Reprint of the 1962 edition. Translated from the 1960 Russian original by Ann Swinfen. Dover Publications. MR 2043554.
- Rotman, Joseph (1998). Galois Theory. Universitext (Second ed.). Springer. MR 1645586.
- Völklein, Helmut (1996). Groups as Galois groups: an introduction. Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics. Vol. 53. MR 1405612.
- van der Waerden, Bartel Leendert (1931). Moderne Algebra (in German). Berlin: Springer.. English translation (of 2nd revised edition): Modern algebra. New York: Frederick Ungar. 1949. (Later republished in English by Springer under the title "Algebra".)
- Pop, Florian (2001). "(Some) New Trends in Galois Theory and Arithmetic" (PDF).