Germanus of Winchester

Germanus
Germanus
Abbot of Winchcombe Abbey
Church	Winchcombe Abbey
Appointed	c. 970
Term ended	975
Personal details
Born	Germanus
Died	c. 1013
Nationality	English

Germanus (sometimes Germanus of Winchester, died

Benedictine monk. He travelled to Rome in about 957 and became a monk at Fleury Abbey in France. Back in England by 964 he served as a monastic official before being named abbot of Winchcombe Abbey in about 970, a position he was removed from in 975. Germanus may have become abbot of Cholsey Abbey

in 992.

Early career

Although Germanus's name is not Anglo-Saxon,

Chronicon Abbatiae Rameseiensis, the chronicle of the Ramsey Abbey.^[2] According to the Ramsey story, Oscytel and Oswald returned to England, but Germanus remained on the continent and became a monk at Fleury Abbey in France.^[1]^[3] Another story has Oswald journeying to Fleury on his own, with Germanus arriving at Fleury after Oswald had been resident at Fleury for a number of years prior to 958.^[4]

Return to England

In 963 or 964 Germanus was recalled to England by Oswald, who had recently founded a small monastic

Edgar of England in 975, when the monks at Winchcombe were exiled to Ramsey.^[1] The Chronicon Abbatiae Rameseiensis states that he became abbot of Cholsey Abbey in 992,^[7] and the Vita Oswaldi concurs with this statement. The Vita relates that when Oswald and the lay patron of Ramsey were near to death in 992 they urged the monks to elect Germanus as the next abbot of Ramsey when that office might become vacant. Instead, the monks elected another monk, and the Vita states that King Æthelred II of England appointed Germanus to Cholsey instead.^[8] Some historians have challenged Germanus' appointment to Cholsey, owing to the extreme length of ecclesiastical career this would necessitate.^[7]

Later life and legacy

Germanus took part in the translation, or moving, of the relics of St Ivo to Ramsey in 1001 or the following year. He and Eadnoth, the abbot of Ramsey, carried the remains of the saint and his recently discovered companions from where they were found to Ramsey.^[9]

The "Ramsey Psalter" or "Psalter of Oswald",^[10] sometimes known as the "Harley Psalter", (now British Library manuscript (MS) Harley 2904) and the "Cambridge Psalter" (now Cambridge University Library MS Ff.1.23) as well as the "Sacramentary of Winchcombe" (now in Orléans, MS BM 127 (105)) have been connected with his abbacy.^[1]

Germanus died some time around 1013.^[1] The Vita Oswaldi describes him as an expert in monastic affairs; a forged charter later described him as abbot of Fleury, although he never held that office.^[11]

Citations

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Lapidge "Germanus" Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England pp. 202–203
^ Bullough "St Oswald" St Oswald of Worcester p. 8
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Knowles, et al. Heads of Religious Houses p. 78
^ Nightingale "Oswald, Fleury and continental reform" St Oswald of Worcester p. 24
^ Barrow "Community of Worcester" St Oswald of Worcester pp. 93–95
^ Thacker "Saint-making" St Oswald of Worcester p. 252
^ ^a ^b Knowles, et al. Heads of Religious Houses pp. 39–40
^ Barlow English Church p. 102 footnote 2
^ Thacker "Saint-making" St Oswald of Worcester pp. 257–258
^ British Library "Detailed record for Harley 2904"
^ Nightingale "Oswald, Fleury and continental reform" St Oswald of Worcester p. 31