Gomphotherium land bridge

The Gomphotherium land bridge was a land bridge that connected Eurasia to Afro-Arabia between approximately 19 Mya (million years ago) and 15 Mya.^[1]

Significance

Passage of fauna between

tectonic plates of Afro-Arabia and Eurasia collided, creating a terrestrial isthmus

connecting the two landmasses. This faunal exchange that resulted is known as the Proboscidean Datum Event.[1] The land bridge allowed the elephantine

proboscideans to migrate out of Africa and into Eurasia.^[2] It is believed that the connection between the Mediterranean and Indian oceans was temporarily re-established during the Langhian stage of the Middle Miocene, before reclosing, and has remained closed to present day.^[1]

References

^
doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2007.05.001
.

^ Rögl, F. (1999). "Mediterranean and Paratethys. Facts and hypotheses of an Oligocene to Miocene paleogeography (short overview)" (PDF). Geologica Carpathica. 50 (4): 339–349.

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[Harzhauser-1] 
doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2007.05.001
.

[2] Rögl, F. (1999). "Mediterranean and Paratethys. Facts and hypotheses of an Oligocene to Miocene paleogeography (short overview)" (PDF). Geologica Carpathica. 50 (4): 339–349.

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