Graphical timeline of plesiosaurs

Timeline

Taxa

Taxon	First Appearance Datum	Last Appearance Datum	Previous Estimates	Image
Abyssosaurus nataliae	Late Hauterivian^[1]	Late Hauterivian^[1]	Late Hauterivian^[1]
Albertonectes vanderveldei	Late Campanian^[2]	Late Campanian^[2]	Late Campanian^[2]	Albertonectes vanderveldei
Alexandronectes zealandiensis	Early Maastrichtian^[3]	Early Maastrichtian^[3]	Early Maastrichtian^[3]
Alexeyisaurus karnoushenkoi	Early-Middle Norian^[4]	Early-Middle Norian^[4]	Early-Middle Norian^[4]
Aphrosaurus furlongi	Maastrichtian^[5]	Maastrichtian^[5]	Maastrichtian^[5]
Aristonectes parvidens	Maastrichtian^[5]	Maastrichtian^[5]	Maastrichtian^[5]	Aristonectes parvidens
Aristonectes quiriquinensis	Late Maastrichtian^[6]	Late Maastrichtian^[6]	Late Maastrichtian^[6]	Aristonectes quiriquinensis
Attenborosaurus conybeari	Sinemurian^[5]	Sinemurian^[5]	Sinemurian^[5]	Attenborosaurus conybeari
Cardiocorax mukulu	Early Maastrichtian^[7]	Early Maastrichtian^[7]	Early Maastrichtian^[7]
Dolichorhynchops herschelensis	Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian^[8]	Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian^[8]	Campanian-Maastrichtian,^[5] Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian^[8]
Scalamagnus tropicensis	Turonian^[9]	Turonian^[9]	Turonian^[9]
Edgarosaurus muddi	Late Albian^[10]	Late Albian^[10]	Albian,^[11] Late Albian^[10]	Edgarosaurus muddi
Eromangasaurus australis	Albian^[11]	Albian^[11]	Albian^[11]	Eromangasaurus australis
Manemergus anguirostris	Early Turonian^[10]	Early Turonian^[10]	Maastrichtian,^[11] Early Turonian^[10]	Manemergus anguirostris
Nichollssaura borealis	Early Albian^[12]	Early Albian^[12]	Early Albian^[12]	Nichollssaura borealis
Pahasapasaurus haasi	Cenomanian^[13]	Cenomanian^[13]	Cenomanian^[13]
Plesiopleurodon wellesi	Earliest Cenomanian^[14]	Earliest Cenomanian^[14]	Cenomanian,^[11] Earliest Cenomanian^[14]	Plesiopleurodon wellesi
Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus	Late Sinemurian^[12]	Late Sinemurian^[12]	Sinemurian,^[5] Late Sinemurian^[12]	Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus
Plesiosaurus macrocephalus	Sinemurian^[5]	Sinemurian^[5]	Sinemurian^[5]
Plesiosaurus longirostris	Toarcian^[5]	Toarcian^[5]	Toarcian^[5]	Hauffiosaurus longirostris
Pliosaurus brachydeirus	Early Kimmeridgian^[15]	Early Kimmeridgian^[15]	Kimmeridgian,^[5] Early Kimmeridgian^[15]	Pliosaurus brachydeirus
Pliosaurus portentificus	Kimmeridgian^[5]	Kimmeridgian^[5]	Kimmeridgian^[5]
Pliosaurus brachyspondylus	Kimmeridgian^[5]	Kimmeridgian^[5]
Pliosaurus irgisensis	Tithonian^[5]	Tithonian^[5]	Tithonian^[5]
Pliosaurus macromerus	Callovian-Tithonian^[5]	Callovian-Tithonian^[5]	Callovian-Tithonian^[5]	Pliosaurus macromerus with restorative model.
Pliosaurus andrewsi	Callovian^[5]	Callovian^[5]	Callovian^[5]
Polyptychodon interruptus	Turonian-Santonian^[5]	Turonian-Santonian^[5]	Turonian-Santonian^[5]	Polyptychodon interruptus
Elasmosaurus platyurus	Campanian^[5]	Campanian^[5]	Campanian^[5]	Elasmosaurus platyurus
Polycotylus latipinnis	Santonian-Campanian^[16]	Santonian-Campanian^[16]	Santonian,^[5] Santonian-Campanian^[16]	Polycotylus latipinnis giving birth
Liopleurodon rossicus	Tithonian^[5]	Tithonian^[5]	Tithonian^[5]	Pliosaurus rossicus -->
Liopleurodon pachydeirus	Callovian^[5]	Callovian^[5]	Callovian^[5]
Liopleurodon ferox	Callovian^[5]	Callovian^[5]	Callovian^[5]
Callawayasaurus colombiensis	Aptian^[11]	Aptian^[11]	Aptian^[11]	Callawayasaurus colombiensis
Kronosaurus boyacensis	Aptian-Albian^[5]	Aptian-Albian^[5]	Aptian-Albian^[5]	Kronosaurus boyacensis
Opallionectes andamookaensis	Aptian-Albian^[11]	Aptian-Albian^[11]	Aptian-Albian^[11]
Kronosaurus queenslandicus	Aptian-Albian^[5]	Aptian-Albian^[5]	Aptian-Albian^[5]	Kronosaurus queenslandicus
Umoonasaurus demoscyllus	Aptian-Albian^[11]	Aptian-Albian^[11]	Aptian-Albian^[11]	Umoonasaurus demoscyllus
Simolestes keileni	Bajocian^[5]	Bajocian^[5]	Bajocian^[5]
Maresaurus coccai	Bajocian^[11]	Bajocian^[11]	Bajocian^[11]
Leptocleidus superstes	Barremian^[5]	Barremian^[5]	Barremian^[5]	Leptocleidus superstes
Yuzhoupliosaurus chengjiangensis	Bathonian^[11]	Bathonian^[11]	Bathonian^[11]
Brancasaurus brancai	Berriasian^[5]	Berriasian^[5]	Berriasian^[5]	Brancasaurus brancai
Muraenosaurus leedsi	Callovian^[5]	Callovian^[5]	Callovian^[5]	Muraenosaurus leedsi
Cryptoclidus richardsoni	Callovian^[5]	Callovian^[5]	Callovian^[5]
Tricleidus seeleyi	Callovian^[5]	Callovian^[5]	Callovian^[5]	Tricleidus seeleyi
Vinialesaurus caroli	Callovian^[11]	Callovian^[11]	Callovian^[11]
Muraenosaurus beloclis	Callovian^[5]	Callovian^[5]	Callovian^[5]
Peloneustes philarchus	Callovian^[5]	Callovian^[5]	Callovian^[5]	Peloneustes philarchus
Cryptoclidus eurymerus	Callovian^[5]	Callovian^[5]	Callovian^[5]	Cryptoclidus eurymerus
Simolestes vorax	Callovian^[5]	Callovian^[5]	Callovian^[5]	Simolestes vorax
Pachycostasaurus dawni	Callovian^[11]	Callovian^[11]	Callovian^[11]
Terminonatator ponteixensis	Campanian^[11]	Campanian^[11]	Campanian^[11]
Mauisaurus haasti	Campanian^[5]	Campanian^[5]	Campanian^[5]	Mauisaurus haasti
Dolichorhynchops osborni	Santonian-Campanian^[17]	Santonian-Campanian^[17]	Campanian,^[5] Santonian-Campanian^[17]
Martinectes bonneri	Early Campanian^[8]	Early Campanian^[8]	Early Campanian^[8]	Martinectes bonneri
Tuarangisaurus keysei	Campanian-Maastrichtian^[11]	Campanian-Maastrichtian^[11]	Campanian-Maastrichtian^[11]	Tuarangisaurus keysei
Thalassomedon haningtoni	Cenomanian^[5]	Cenomanian^[5]	Cenomanian^[5]	Thalassomedon haningtoni
Brachauchenius lucasi	Cenomanian-Turonian^[5]	Cenomanian-Turonian^[5]	Cenomanian-Turonian^[5]	Brachauchenius lucasi
Leptocleidus clemai	Hauterivian-Barremian^[5]	Hauterivian-Barremian^[5]	Hauterivian-Barremian^[5]
Thalassiodracon hawkinsii	Rhaetian-Hettangian^[18]	Rhaetian-Hettangian^[18]	Hettangian,^[11] Rhaetian-Hettangian^[18]	Thalassiodracon hawkinsii
Rhomaleosaurus megacephalus	Hettangian^[5]	Hettangian^[5]	Hettangian^[5]	Rhomaleosaurus megacephalus
Eurycleidus arcuatus	Hettangian^[5]	Hettangian^[5]	Hettangian^[5]
Macroplata tenuiceps	Hettangian^[5]	Hettangian^[5]	Hettangian^[5]	Macroplata tenuiceps
Kimmerosaurus langhami	Kimmeridgian^[5]	Kimmeridgian^[5]	Kimmeridgian^[5]
Bathyspondylus swindoniensis	Kimmeridgian^[11]	Kimmeridgian^[11]	Kimmeridgian^[11]
Megalneusaurus rex	Kimmeridgian-Portlandian^[5]	Kimmeridgian-Portlandian^[5]	Kimmeridgian-Portlandian^[5]	Megalneusaurus rex
Colymbosaurus trochanterius	Kimmeridgian-Tithonian^[5]	Kimmeridgian-Tithonian^[5]	Kimmeridgian-Tithonian^[5]	Colymbosaurus trochanterius
Sinopliosaurus weiyuanensis	Kimmeridgian?^[11]	Kimmeridgian?^[11]	Kimmeridgian?^[11]
Fresnosaurus drescheri	Maastrichtian^[5]	Maastrichtian^[5]	Maastrichtian^[5]
Kaiwhekea katiki	Maastrichtian^[11]	Maastrichtian^[11]	Maastrichtian^[11]	Kaiwhekea katiki
Leurospondylus ultimus	Maastrichtian^[5]	Maastrichtian^[5]	Maastrichtian^[5]	Leurospondylus ultimus
Morenosaurus stocki	Maastrichtian^[5]	Maastrichtian^[5]	Maastrichtian^[5]
Hydrotherosaurus alexandrae	Maastrichtian^[5]	Maastrichtian^[5]	Maastrichtian^[5]
Thililua longicollis	Early Turonian^[10]	Early Turonian^[10]	Maastrichtian,^[11] Early Turonian^[10]	Sulcusuchus erraini
Sulcusuchus erraini	"Campanian/Maastrichtian"^[19]	"Campanian/Maastrichtian"^[19]	Maastrichtian,^[11] "Campanian/Maastrichtian"^[19]
Tatenectes laramiensis	Oxfordian^[11]	Oxfordian^[11]	Oxfordian^[11]
Pantosaurus striatus	Oxfordian^[11]	Oxfordian^[11]	Oxfordian^[11]
Futabasaurus suzukii	Santonian^[11]	Santonian^[11]	Santonian^[11]	Futabasaurus suzukii
Georgiasaurus penzensis	Santonian^[5]	Santonian^[5]	Santonian^[5]
Styxosaurus snowii	Santonian-Campanian^[5]	Santonian-Campanian^[5]	Santonian-Campanian^[5]	Styxosaurus snowii
Hydralmosaurus serpentinus	Santonian-Campanian^[5]	Santonian-Campanian^[5]	Santonian-Campanian^[5]
Archaeonectrus rostratus	Sinemurian^[5]	Sinemurian^[5]	Sinemurian^[5]	Archaeonectrus rostratus
Eretmosaurus rugosus	Sinemurian^[5]	Sinemurian^[5]	Sinemurian^[5]	Eretmosaurus rugosus
Simolestes indicus	Tithonian^[5]	Tithonian^[5]	Tithonian^[5]
Rhomaleosaurus cramptoni	Toarcian^[5]	Toarcian^[5]	Toarcian^[5]	Rhomaleosaurus cramptoni
Rhomaleosaurus victor
Bishanopliosaurus youngi	Toarcian^[5]	Toarcian^[5]	Toarcian^[5]	Bishanopliosaurus youngi
Occitanosaurus tournemirensis	Toarcian^[11]	Toarcian^[11]	Toarcian^[11]
Hydrorion brachypterygius	Toarcian^[11]	Toarcian^[11]	Toarcian^[11]	Hydrorion brachypterygius
Microcleidus homalospondylus	Toarcian^[5]	Toarcian^[5]	Toarcian^[5]	Microcleidus homalospondylus
Microcleidus macropterus	Toarcian^[5]	Toarcian^[5]	Toarcian^[5]
Sthenarasaurus dawkins	Toarcian^[5]	Toarcian^[5]	Toarcian^[5]
Seeleysaurus guilelmiimperatoris	Toarcian^[5]	Toarcian^[5]	Toarcian^[5]	Seeleysaurus guilelmiimperatoris
Hauffiosaurus zanoni	Toarcian^[11]	Toarcian^[11]	Toarcian^[11]	Hauffiosaurus zanoni
Libonectes atlasense	Turonian^[5]	Turonian^[5]	Turonian^[5]
Palmula quadratus	Turonian^[13]	Turonian^[13]	Turonian,^[5] Turonian^[13]
Trinacromerum bentonianum	Turonian^[13]	Turonian^[13]	Turonian,^[5] Turonian^[13]	Trinacromerum bentonianum
Trinacromerum kirki	Turonian^[5]	Turonian^[5]	Turonian^[5]	Trinacromerum kirki
Libonectes morgani	Coniacian^[18]	Coniacian^[18]	Turonian,^[5] Coniacian^[18]	Libonectes morgani
Eopolycotylus rankini	Turonian^[20]	Turonian^[20]	Turonian,^[11] Turonian^[20]
Leptocleidus capensis	Valanginian^[5]	Valanginian^[5]	Valanginian^[5]	Leptocleidus capensis
Pliosaurus funkei
Lusonectes sauvagei				Lusonectes sauvagei
Djupedalia engeri
Avalonnectes arturi				Avalonnectes arturi
Eoplesiosaurus antiquior				Eoplesiosaurus antiquior
Stratesaurus taylori				Stratesaurus taylori
Anningasaura lymense				Anningasaura lymense
Zarafasaura oceanis				Zarafasaura oceanis
Westphaliasaurus simonsensii	Pliensbachian^[21]	Pliensbachian^[21]	Pliensbachian^[21]
Marmornectes candrewi
Hauffiosaurus tomistomimus ]
Meyerasaurus victor			Toarcian^[22]	Meyerasaurus victor
Megacephalosaurus eulerti
Gronausaurus wegneri
Cryonectes neustriacus				Cryonectes neustriacus
Vectocleidus pastorum
Hastanectes valdensis
Spitrasaurus wensaasi
Spitrasaurus larseni
Nakonanectes bradti	Sinemurian	Sinemurian
Mauriciosaurus fernandezi	Early Turonian	Early Turonian
Polycotylus sopozkoi
Dawazisaurus brevis
Lariosaurus vosseveldensis
Stenorhynchosaurus munozi
Vegasaurus molyi	Early Maastrichtian^[23]	Early Maastrichtian^[23]	Early Maastrichtian^[23]
Kawanectes lafquenianum
Atychodracon megacephalus				Atychodracon megacephalus
Anguanax zignoi				Anguanax zignoi
Pliosaurus patagonicus
Pliosaurus patagonicus
Pliosaurus carpenteri	Late Kimmeridgian^[24]	Late Kimmeridgian^[24]	Late Kimmeridgian^[24]
Pliosaurus kevani	Early Kimmeridgian^[25]	Kimmeridgian^[26]	Early Kimmeridgian-Kimmeridgian^[26]	Pliosaurus kevani
Pliosaurus westburyensis	Late Kimmeridgian^[27]	Late Kimmeridgian^[27]	Late Kimmeridgian^[27]
Luskhan itilensis	Hauterivian	Hauterivian
Arminisaurus schuberti	Late Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian		Arminisaurus schuberti
Lagenanectes richterae	Early Hauterivian	Early Barremian		Lagenanectes richterae with a human to scale

Footnotes

^ ^a ^b ^c Berezin (2011); "Abstract", page 648.
^ ^a ^b ^c Kubo, Mitchell, and Henderson (2012); "Abstract", page 557.
^ ^a ^b ^c Otero et al. (2016); "Abstract".
^ ^a ^b ^c Sennikov and Arkhangelsky (2010); "Abstract", page 567.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw ^cx ^cy ^cz ^da ^db ^dc ^dd ^de ^df ^dg ^dh ^di ^dj ^dk ^dl ^dm ^dn ^do ^dp ^dq ^dr ^ds ^dt ^du ^dv ^dw ^dx ^dy ^dz ^ea ^eb ^ec ^ed ^ee ^ef ^eg ^eh ^ei ^ej ^ek ^el ^em ^en ^eo ^ep ^eq ^er ^es ^et ^eu ^ev ^ew ^ex ^ey ^ez ^fa ^fb ^fc ^fd ^fe ^ff ^fg ^fh ^fi ^fj ^fk ^fl ^fm ^fn ^fo ^fp ^fq ^fr ^fs Smith (2007); "Appendix 1", page 257.
^ ^a ^b ^c Otero et al. (2014); "Abstract", page 100.
^ ^a ^b ^c Araújo et al. (2015); "Abstract", page 109.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa" (cont.), page 30.
^ ^a ^b ^c Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa" (cont.), pages 30-31.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa" (cont.), page 32.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl Smith (2007); "Appendix 1", page 258.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Morgan (2016); "Out-Group" (cont.), page 29.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa" (cont.), page 31.
^ ^a ^b ^c Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa" (cont.), page 33.
^ ^a ^b ^c Benson et al. (2013); "Pliosaurus brachydeirus Owen, 1841", page 5.
^ ^a ^b ^c Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa", page 29.
^ ^a ^b ^c Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa" (cont.), pages 29-30.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Morgan (2016); "Out-Group", page 28.
^ ^a ^b ^c Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa" (cont.), page 34.
^ ^a ^b ^c Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa" (cont.), pages 31-32.
^ ^a ^b ^c Sato et al. (2014); "Phylogenetic and functional inferences", page 72.
^ Smith (2007); "Appendix 1", page 257. Classified under the obsolete binomial "Rhomaleosaurus victor".
^ ^a ^b ^c O'Gorman et al. (2015); "Abstract".
^ ^a ^b ^c Benson et al. (2013); "Pliosaurus carpenteri n. sp.", pages 8-9.
^ Benson et al. (2013); "Pliosaurus kevani n. sp.", page 5.
^
Aulacostephanus mutabilis
Biozone from which it likely originated as Lower Kimmeridgian, their "Table 1" on page 25 regard both as Upper Kimmeridgian in age.
^ ^a ^b ^c Benson et al. (2013); "Pliosaurus westburyensis n. sp.", page 5.

References

R. Araújo; M.J. Polcyn; A.S. Schulp; O. Mateus; L.L. Jacobs; A. Olímpio Gonçalves; M.-L. Morais (2015). "A new elasmosaurid from the early Maastrichtian of Angola and the implications of girdle morphology on swimming style in plesiosaurs". Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. 94 (1): 109–120.
S2CID 86616531
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Benson, R. B. J.; Evans, M.; Smith, A. S.; Sassoon, J.; Moore-Faye, S.; Ketchum, H. F.; Forrest, R. (2013). Butler, Richard J (ed.). "A Giant Pliosaurid Skull from the Late Jurassic of England". PLOS ONE. 8 (5): e65989.
PMID 23741520
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A. Yu. Berezin (2011). "A new plesiosaur of the family Aristonectidae from the early cretaceous of the center of the Russian platform". Paleontological Journal. 45 (6): 648–660.
S2CID 129045087
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Kubo, T.; Mitchell, M. T.; Henderson, D. M. (2012). "Albertonectes vanderveldei, a new elasmosaur (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (3): 557–572.
S2CID 129500470
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Morgan, Donald Joseph III (2016). Revision of polycotylid plesioaur systematics (sauropterygia plesiosauria) and description of the axial osteology of a juvenile polycotylid (Thesis). Marshall University.
José P. O’Gorman, Leonardo Salgado, Eduardo B. Olivero and Sergio A. Marenssi (2015). "Vegasaurus molyi, gen. et sp. nov. (Plesiosauria, Elasmosauridae), from the Cape Lamb Member (lower Maastrichtian) of the Snow Hill Island Formation, Vega Island, Antarctica, and remarks on Wedellian Elasmosauridae". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (3): e931285.
S2CID 128965534.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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Otero et al. (2014), Aristonectes quiriquinensis, sp. nov., a new highly derived elasmosaurid from the upper Maastrichtian of central Chile
Otero, Rodrigo A.; O'Gorman, José P.; Hiller, Norton; O'Keefe, F. Robin; Fordyce, R. Ewan (2016). "Alexandronectes zealandiensis gen. et sp. nov., a new aristonectine plesiosaur from the lower Maastrichtian of New Zealand". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2): e1054494.
S2CID 87048127
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Sato, T.; Zhao, L.-J.; Wu, X.-C.; Li, C. (2014). "A new specimen of the Triassic pistosauroid Yunguisaurus, with implications for the origin of Plesiosauria (Reptilia, Sauropterygia)". Palaeontology. 57 (1): 55–76.
S2CID 129457774
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A. G. Sennikov, M. S. Arkhangelsky (2010). "On a Typical Jurassic Sauropterygian from the Upper Triassic of Wilczek Land (Franz Josef Land, Arctic Russia)". Paleontological Journal. 44 (5): 567–572.
S2CID 88505507
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Smith, Adam Stuart (2007). Anatomy and Systematics of the Rhomaleosauridae (Sauropterygia:Plesiosauria) (PDF) (Thesis). University of Ireland.

[berezin-2011-abstract-648-1] Berezin (2011); "Abstract", page 648.

[kubo-mitchell-henderson-2012-abstract-557-2] Kubo, Mitchell, and Henderson (2012); "Abstract", page 557.

[otero-etal-2016-abstract-3] Otero et al. (2016); "Abstract".

[sennikov-arkhangelsky-2010-abs-4] Sennikov and Arkhangelsky (2010); "Abstract", page 567.

[smith-appendix1-257-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw ^cx ^cy ^cz ^da ^db ^dc ^dd ^de ^df ^dg ^dh ^di ^dj ^dk ^dl ^dm ^dn ^do ^dp ^dq ^dr ^ds ^dt ^du ^dv ^dw ^dx ^dy ^dz ^ea ^eb ^ec ^ed ^ee ^ef ^eg ^eh ^ei ^ej ^ek ^el ^em ^en ^eo ^ep ^eq ^er ^es ^et ^eu ^ev ^ew ^ex ^ey ^ez ^fa ^fb ^fc ^fd ^fe ^ff ^fg ^fh ^fi ^fj ^fk ^fl ^fm ^fn ^fo ^fp ^fq ^fr ^fs Smith (2007); "Appendix 1", page 257.

[otero-etal-2014-abstract-6] Otero et al. (2014); "Abstract", page 100.

[araujo-etal-2015-abs-109-7] Araújo et al. (2015); "Abstract", page 109.

[morgan-2016-ingroup-30-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa" (cont.), page 30.

[morgan-2016-ingroup-30-31-9] Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa" (cont.), pages 30-31.

[morgan-2016-ingroup-32-10] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa" (cont.), page 32.

[smith-appendix1-258-11] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl Smith (2007); "Appendix 1", page 258.

[morgan-2016-outgroup-29-12] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Morgan (2016); "Out-Group" (cont.), page 29.

[morgan-2016-ingroup-31-13] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa" (cont.), page 31.

[morgan-2016-ingroup-33-14] Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa" (cont.), page 33.

[benson-etal-2013-brachydeirus-5-15] Benson et al. (2013); "Pliosaurus brachydeirus Owen, 1841", page 5.

[morgan-2016-ingroup-29-16] Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa", page 29.

[morgan-2016-ingroup-29-30-17] Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa" (cont.), pages 29-30.

[morgan-2016-outgroup-28-18] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Morgan (2016); "Out-Group", page 28.

[morgan-2016-ingroup-34-19] Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa" (cont.), page 34.

[morgan-2016-ingroup-31-32-20] Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa" (cont.), pages 31-32.

[sato-etal-2014-phylofunc-72-21] Sato et al. (2014); "Phylogenetic and functional inferences", page 72.

[smith-appendix1-257-victor-22] Smith (2007); "Appendix 1", page 257. Classified under the obsolete binomial "Rhomaleosaurus victor".

[ogorman-etal-2015-abstract-23] O'Gorman et al. (2015); "Abstract".

[benson-etal-2013-carpenteri-8-9-24] Benson et al. (2013); "Pliosaurus carpenteri n. sp.", pages 8-9.

[benson-etal-2013-kevani-5-25] Benson et al. (2013); "Pliosaurus kevani n. sp.", page 5.

[benson-etal-2013-kevani-note-26] 
Aulacostephanus mutabilis
Biozone from which it likely originated as Lower Kimmeridgian, their "Table 1" on page 25 regard both as Upper Kimmeridgian in age.

[benson-etal-2013-westburyensis-5-27] Benson et al. (2013); "Pliosaurus westburyensis n. sp.", page 5.

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