Gugum Gumbira

In the original ketuk tilu, the group typically consists of the ketuk tilu pot-gong, other small gongs, a

Jaipongan debuted in 1974 when Pak Gugum and his gamelan and dancers first performed in public. Sporadic government attempts to suppress it due to its perceived immorality (it inherited some of the sensuality of ketuk tilu) just made it more popular. It survived even after the official Indonesian ban on foreign pop music was lifted after a few years, and became a craze in the 1980s. Since the mid-1980s Jaipongan's importance as a social dance has waned, but it remained popular as a stage dance, performed by women, mixed couples, or as a solo.

The most widely available album of Jaipongan outside Indonesia is Tonggeret by

Jugala

Gugum Gumbira's Jugala Studios in Bandung served as the base for his own Jugala orchestra and dance troupe, and hosted and recorded many other musicians, including

The Jugala orchestra includes Sundanese

Personal life