Gumercinda Páez
Gumercinda Páez | |
---|---|
Born | Gumercinda Páez Villarreal 13 January 1904 |
Died | 1991 | (aged 87)
Nationality | Panamanian |
Occupation(s) | Educator, suffragist, politician, writer |
Years active | 1919–1951 |
Gumercinda Páez (1904-1991) was a teacher, women's rights activist and suffragette, and Constituent Assemblywoman of Panama. She was the first woman deputy to serve the National Assembly for the Panamá Province and was a vice president of the Constituent Assembly of Panama in 1946, being also the first woman to serve in that position. As a woman of mixed heritage, she was acutely aware of bias and strove for policies of inclusion.
Biography
Early life
Gumercinda Páez was born on 13 January 1904 in Panama City, Panama[1] to Jose Antonio Páez, a Venezuelan of African descent and Mercedes Villarreal, a Panamanian with indigenous roots.[2][3] Growing up in the Santa Ana neighborhood, she attended the Escuela Santa Ana No. 2, which was directed by Tomasa Ester Casís.[4] She attended high school at the National Institute of Panama, where she obtained a diploma as a securities trade expert, going on to study science and earning a certificate to teach primary education.[5][6] In a 1985 interview, Páez explained that when her father died, she became the primary support of her mother and two brothers, working as a teacher by day and going to school at night. She did not complete her bachelor's degree in science due to work interruptions in her studies. At night school, she studied piano,[3] arts and crafts and painting at the Melchor Lasso de la Vega School of Arts and Crafts and obtained a diploma in typewriter machine repair.[2] She studied English at the Panama Model School[6] and law at the University of Panama[5] but after three years of studying law, she graduated with a BA in philosophy and letters from the University of Panama[3] in 1945.[5]
While in school Páez began tutoring wealthy students. After obtaining her teaching certificate, she taught at Panama College, but when she was offered a contract for three years, she and her family moved to Garachiné where she taught at the Setegantí School, suspending her own studies. Because of her outspokenness on administrative procedures, Páez was dismissed and took a position at the Escuela Antillana, working primarily with Cuban migrants. She also taught in Macaracas, in Chilibre, and at the School Pedro J. Sosa. Discovering an opening at the archives of the Ministry of Education, Páez applied[3] and was hired as an Officer First Class.[1] She was then appointed deputy director of the Escuela República de Venezuela in Panama City[6] where she taught for two years.[3]
Politics
While she was working in Garachiné, Páez organized a women's group, Sociedad ProCultura Femenina, with the intent of educating local women on the importance of education and nutrition. She also studied the issues faced by migrant Cubans and other West Indian peoples and became an active advocate for them when she was teaching at the Escuela Antillana. In addition, she was a supporter and participant in the Feminist National Party until it waned in the 1940s.[3]
The 1941
When in 1944, the call for a new Constituent Assembly was launched, feminists strove for inclusion. Many women were proposed as alternates, but few as actual candidates. The feminist movement of the time was organized into two primary camps: The National Union of Women, led by lawyer
Between 1945 and 1948, Páez worked on many issues concerning women, education, and religious freedom, including, creation of a police force; recognition of women's rights;[7] retirement for teachers, professors, nurses and telegraph operators; acceptance of minorities in Panamanian schools;[8] among many others.
After her service in the Assembly, Páez continued her involvement in feminist causes. In 1947, she presided over the Primer Congreso Interamericano de Mujeres, held in Guatemala City, Guatemala.[9] In 1951 she participated as the guest of honor in the General Conference of UNESCO, held in Mexico. In 1980 the Inter-American Commission of Women of the OAS inscribed her name in the "Golden Book". At the national level she was awarded the Order of Manuel Amador Guerrero, the Order Vasco Núñez de Balboa (Grade of Grand Officer), the Order Manuel José Hurtado, and received the keys to Panama City.[10]
Later she retired to Veracruz, Panama, where she wrote plays and theater productions which were discovered after her death.[5]
Páez died in Veracruz, Panama in 1991.[5]
Legacy
In 2005 an annual award, Condecoración Orden Gumercinda Páez, was named in her honor to recognize Panamanian women who exhibit civic virtues and exemplary professional, cultural, educational and humanitarian character.
References
- ^ a b c "Gumercinda Paez: Primera Mujer Constituyente de Panama". Dia del Aetnia (in Spanish). Panama City, Panama: Dia del Aetnia. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-475-96584-1. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Moreno, María del Pilar (Spring 1985). "Yo no Soy Gumercinda Sola, me Debo a la Gente" (PDF). Mujeres, Adelante (in Spanish) (3). Panama: Revista Trimestral: 9–11. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
- ISBN 978-9-588-93105-0.
- ^ a b c d e Fernández de Cano, J. R. "Páez, Gumercinda (1910-1991)". MCN Biografias (in Spanish). Panama City, Panama: MCN Biografias. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
- ^ a b c "Gumercinda Páez". Repositorio de Documentos Digitales, Panamá (in Spanish). Panama City, Panama: GOB Panamá. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
- ^ a b c d "Mujeres" (PDF) (in Spanish). Panamá City, Panama: Repositorio de Documentos Digitales, Panamá. January 2000: 9–20. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
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(help) - ^ a b "INAC reconoce la labor de los Afrodescendientes" (in Spanish). Panama City, Panama: Panamá On. 20 May 2011. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
- ISBN 0-87451-557-2. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
- ^ Pardo, Tulia; Fernanda González, María (8 July 2014). "Gumercinda Páez". Chicha Fuerte (in Spanish). Panama. Archived from the original on 31 October 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
- ^ "Primera Dama entrega Condecoración Gumercinda Páez en compañía del Director de la SENADIS". Senadis (in Spanish). Panama City, Panama: Gobierno de a República de Panamá. 8 March 2010. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
- ^ "El colegio Gumercinda Páez". Impreso Metrolibre (in Spanish). Panama: Impreso Metrolibre. Retrieved 19 July 2015.