Gyula Kabos
Gyula Kabos (19 March 1887, Budapest – 6 October 1941, New York) was a Hungarian actor and comedian, widely known for his comedic movie roles in the late 1930s.
Biography
Early years
Kabos was born on 19 March 1887, in
Career between 1919–1933
In 1919 he marries Mária Puhalag, and adopts her daughter, Gabriella Surányi. They moved to Budapest, where his son István György Kabos was born. As directors discover his comedic talent, he gets more and more small roles, including one in the Vígszínház. While his appearances are met with high critical acclaim, the financial crisis of the country drew a shadow to the theatrical world, also reducing his appearances. However, this situation proved as an opportunity, as the renowned Fővárosi Művész Színház (the future Operettszínház) closed its doors, and a new search began for a director. Along with László Békeffi, his name was trusted enough that they got the job. But life as a manager proved to be hard as Kabos disapproved the high salaries of leading actors, resulting in numerous conflicts. Again, the new plays are met with high critical acclaim, but not with monetary success, so the theatre needs to pull out formerly played acts. Continuing work conflicts, the appearance of the first loud movies, and disinterest of the public eventually result in bankruptcy. While he already tried himself in numerous small, often experimental silent films during the 1910s, he disliked them, as he blamed them for the downfall of theatrical world.
After numerous attempts, he played the role of "Mátyás Schneider" in the sound film,
Comedian and movie star
Beginning with Márciusi Mese (A March tale) he begins to like doing movies. After the 1934 premier of Meseautó (Dream Car), his other massive success, he is confronted with standing ovation. The sudden fame surprises Kabos, as he does not understand why a movie star should be famous (until then he had only watched a few scenes from his own work). In his numerous later film characters he plays the tragicomical small man in the hard years of the 30s, motivated by fear to carry out foolish acts. While the public believed he became a rich movie star, Kabos's financial situation remained dire, as he needed to pay the debts of his theatrical failure, and had to support his poor family, who did not believe that he was much like them. Even while being the most known comedy star, because of the creditors, he only got 10
Final years in Hungary
In 1936 he completes the movie version of the Lovagias Ügy, which was the first to spark the opposition of the radical right-wing groups, that were starting a few years before. Protests, shouting "Down with Jewish movies" were held in Budapest, Pécs, Baja, and many premieres were disrupted. As historians believe, the growing number of such revolts were orchestrated from Germany. Kabos slowly becomes the center point of attacks, a condition that fills him with fear and despair, not only for himself, but for his family. He buries himself in work, whenever possible. The third big success, A Noszty fiú esete Tóth Marival is followed by a massive right-wing press campaign against director István Székely, after which he left the country. Losing one of his main partner in movie-making, Kabos fears he could be next. With budgets decreasing, Kabos, became more and more like a cornerstone of Hungarian filmmaking of the time, deciding the financial success or failure of the venture. In 1937 he leaves Vígszínház theatre, to act in the Andrássy and Magyar theatre. These are the months of his last bigger achievements, as air-raid sirens, the first signs of the coming WWII were disrupting the work more and more often. In spring 1938 he starts to plan his escape. With the help of his old friend Alexander Korda, he sends his son István to England to university. After playing in three light comedies, his 33-year theatrical career in Budapest comes to a close. While he still continues to make movies, including his first real leading role in Papucshős, the first anti-Jew laws make his work slowly impossible. In 1939 newspapers began to spread rumors that Kabos is travelling to America. With his wife at his side, and in deep depression, he leaves the country in the compartment of a train leaving from the Keleti train station. Through Ostend and Dover they travel to London, where they meet their son István. On 1. February 1939, aboard the vessel Paris, they sail out towards America, to a future Kabos was uncertain about.
Life in America
The pair moves into the Woodrow Hotel in New York, where they receive numerous contract offers from fellow countrymen living in the city. Kabos accepts the manager position of a small Hungarian troupe, but in letters he complained that his colleagues are without talent. They go for a 2-week long tour including
Legacy
The funeral was managed by Ferenc Göndör, an immigrant friend. The actor was buried in Cedar Park Cemetery in Emerson, New Jersey under the name 'Kobas'. His adopted daughter Gabriella received a scrambled telegram from his mother with the news of the death, but the country only knew of it after the official statement from the MTI on 9 October. By this time in Hungary, Kabos's movies were banned, most of his colleagues denied of work, and the country was in war for 3 months. Newspapers only wrote the fact of death, as war news were the most important.
After the war, the first copies of Kabos movies reappear for a short time, although most of them were lost during the battles. But the slowly established communist government thought them to be works of the aristocratic society of the past, and as such, not permitted for the working society – the copies were returned to their archival boxes, only to open up in the fifties and seventies, to short lived successes. The softening political situation of the 1980s allowed the reappearance of his cinematic work in movies and the National Television, and later cable stations, recapturing his former fame. He was reburied in the Farkasréti Cemetery in Budapest, in the presence of large crowds.
Filmography
Title | Character | Runtime | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1931 | ||||||
Hyppolit, a lakáj | Schneider Mátyás | 80 min. | ||||
Egy autó és semmi pénz | ||||||
1932 | ||||||
Piri mindent tud | Bognár Béla | 67 min. | ||||
Flying Gold | Cadar úr | 51 min. | ||||
1933 | ||||||
Everything for the Woman | ||||||
1934 | ||||||
It Happened in March | bank executive Kende, Lili's father | 66 min. | ||||
The Dream Car | Halmos Aladár | 99 min. | ||||
Purple Lilacs | Angelusz | 79 min. | ||||
Az új rokon | Sándor főpincér/ Head waiter Alexander | 83 min. | ||||
Emmy | 70 min. | |||||
1935 | ||||||
The Students of Igloi | ||||||
Thanks for Knocking Me Down | Ferenc inas/ servant Franz | 84 min. | ||||
Villa for Sale | Buckó József | 75 min. | ||||
Budapest Pastry Shop | Schulmayer házgondnok/ House warden Shulmayer | 84 min. | ||||
Miss President | Vas Ödön | 84 min. | ||||
Hello, Budapest! | ||||||
Address Unknown | Stangl | 82 min. | ||||
The Wise Mother | Kaiser, operettszerző/ operetta composer, Kaiser | 74 min. | ||||
1936 | ||||||
Sensation | Szálka Leó | 66 min. | ||||
Half-Rate Honeymoon | Fernauer Lajos cégvezető, CEO | 85 min. | ||||
Three Dragons | Dr. Kempelen József | 71 min. | ||||
Danube Rendezvous | Szalai ügynök/ agent Szalai | 66 min. | ||||
1937 | ||||||
Pay Up, Madam! | Fábry Ágoston, malomtulajdonos/ Mill owner Agoston Fabry | 65 min. | ||||
I May See Her Once a Week | Poznay | 71 min. | ||||
An Affair of Honour | Virág Andor, könyvelő/ Andor Virag, accountant | 86 min. | ||||
Torockói menyasszony | Herskovics | 70 min. | ||||
Tales of Budapest | Vadász Lehel, az Atlantic Bank igazgatója/ executive of Atlantic bank | 86 min. | ||||
Szerelembõl nõsültem | Barna | 90 min. | ||||
Hotel Springtime | Megyeri Boldizsár | 78 min. | ||||
Viki | Dr.Weiss | 60 min. | ||||
The Borrowed Castle | Gruber Menyhért | 85 min. | ||||
120 Kilometres an Hour | Richter Menyhért | 71 min. | ||||
Lady Seeks a Room | Csahos Ödön, ügyvédjelölt/lawyer-to-be | 82 min. | ||||
300 ezer pengõ az utcán | ||||||
Maga lesz a férjem! | Dr. Balogh Elemér | 72 min. | ||||
A harapós férj | Dr. Zsengellér Bernát, ügyvéd/lawyer | 82 min. | ||||
Where Do We Sleep on Sunday? | Virág Benõ | 60 min. | ||||
1938 | ||||||
Pillanatnyi pénzzavar | Harry, sofőr/ chauffeur | 81 min. | ||||
Borcsa Amerikában | ||||||
Billeting | Kulcsár úr,Tibor titkára | 82 min. | ||||
Rosemary | ||||||
Döntõ pillanat | Kulinyi | 85 min. | ||||
Fehérvári huszárok | 65 min. | |||||
The Henpecked Husband | Kovács Gyula | 76 min. |
Sources
- [1] The life of Gyula Kabos on szineszkonyvtar.hu
- [2] Gyula Kabos in the Hungarian Theatrical Lexicon, (György, Székely. Magyar Színházművészeti Lexikon. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1994. ISBN 978-963-05-6635-3), freely available on mek.oszk.hu
- Tibor, Bános: Kabos Gyula Budapest: Athaneum, 2001. ISBN 963-9261-31-9
External links
- Kabos memorial webpage
- Kabos memorial webpage
- Kabos’ recordings on Gramofon Online Archived 6 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- Gyula Kabos at IMDb