Henry Hayes Lockwood

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Henry Hayes Lockwood
U.S. Naval Observatory

Henry Hayes Lockwood (August 17, 1814 – December 7, 1899) was an American soldier and academic from

U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland.[1]

Early and family life

Lockwood was born in Camden, Kent County, Delaware on August 17, 1814 to William Kirkley Lockwood (1786- 1872) and his wife, the former Mary Hayes (1795-1818).[2] He had a sister, Anne Eliza Lockwood Godwin (1816-1896), but his father did not remarry after his first wife's death while both children were infants. His ancestor Joseph Lockwood had helped the Patriot cause during the American Revolutionary War by serving on a finance commission and as a member of Delaware's state constitutional convention.[3] Lockwood became a cadet at the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, and graduated in 1836. His father owned three young male slaves in the 1830 census and also lived with a free colored woman of between 24 and 35 years old, but ten years later his six-person household included two free black people and one enslaved male between 10 and 23 years old.[4]

Henry Lockwood married Anna Rogers Booth (1820-1894), whose family was even more prominent in Delaware--her father

James Booth Lockwood would follow his father's military career, then become an arctic explorer, but die before his parents. In the 1860 U.S. Federal Census, H.H. Lockwood owned one slave, a 55 year old black female.[5]

Career

After graduating from West Point, Lockwood completed his year of compulsory military service against the

Seminoles in Florida. He then resigned his commission on September 12, 1837 and farmed in Delaware. In 1841 Lockwood received an appointment as a professor of mathematics at the U.S. Naval Asylum at Philadelphia, and also served aboard the frigate United States which helped capture Monterey, California
in 1842. Lockwood then resumed his teaching career at the naval asylum at Philadelphia and then became a professor teaching natural and experimental philosophy at the U.S. Naval School at Annapolis in 1845. In 1850 the school was reorganized and renamed as the Naval Academy. In 1851 he became a professor of artillery and infantry tactics, as well as professor of astronomy and gunnery. He wrote and published Manual of Naval Batteries (1852) and Exercises in Small Arms and Field Artillery (1852).

Civil War

As the American Civil War began, Lockwood entered the Union Army as colonel of the 1st Regiment Delaware Volunteer Infantry. After the disastrous First Battle of Bull Run (in which Lockwood's unit did not participate), President Lincoln feared further trouble from Confederate sympathizers on the Delmarva Peninsula, where Lockwood had grown up and where his family remained prominent. He received a commission as brigadier general of volunteers on August 8, 1861, and was assigned to defend the lower Potomac River. On November 13, 1861 Major General John A. Dix entrusted Lockwood with capturing the Eastern Shore of Virginia, that is Accomack and Northampton Counties at the Delmarva Peninsula's southern tip. By massing troops at Pocomoke City, Maryland and promising Virginia residents that if they provided no resistance, their trade would resume, their lighthouses would once again be lit, and their property protected, Lockwood caused the local Confederate forces to retreat and disperse without a fight.[6] Allowing the rebels time to retreat proved another key to Lockwood's pacification strategy.[7]

On July 23, 1862, Lockwood commandeered the

Point Lookout, Maryland (where the Potomac River enters Chesapeake Bay) and southward on the Delmarva Peninsula. Lockwood thus protected the crucial telegraph line from Hampton Roads across the Delmarva Peninsula to Annapolis, Baltimore and Washington.[8]
Gen. Lockwood commanded a brigade attached to
Battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse General John C. Robinson was severely wounded leading the 2nd Division of the V Corps. The division was ultimately broken up and dispersed among other division commanders for the remainder of the battle. The division was resembled and Lockwood was assigned to command on May 29 during the Battle of Totopotomoy Creek. On June 2, the Pennsylvania Reserves of the 3rd Division were mustered out. All remaining soldiers of that division, along with General Samuel W. Crawford were assigned to the 2nd Division.[9] Corps commander, Maj. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren, sent the former academic back to the Middle Department because he did not think Lockwood sufficiently competent for so high a rank.[10]

Postbellum career

After the war, Lockwood was mustered out on August 25, 1865 and resumed teaching at the U.S. Naval Academy. He commanded the

U.S. Army Signal Corps. He volunteered for the Lady Franklin Bay Expedition into the Arctic for the first International Polar Year
, but was not among the seven survivors after rescue parties failed.

Death and legacy

General Lockwood died in

Washington D.C.'s Georgetown neighborhood in 1899. He was buried at the U.S. Naval Academy Cemetery in Annapolis, Maryland.[11][citation needed
]

See also

Notes

  1. Appleton's Cyclopediavol
    . III p. 751
  2. ^ Ryan, Thomas J. (5 October 2012). "Civil War Profiles: Historic Camden had its share of heroes". Coastal Point. Archived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
  3. ^ H.H.Lockwood application for Sons of the American Revolution dated March 29, 1894 available at ancestry.com
  4. ^ 1840 and 1850 U.S. Census for Dover Hundred, Kent County, Delaware
  5. ^ 1860 U.S. Federal Census, slave schedule for Annapolis, Anne Arundel County, Maryland
  6. ^ Turman, Nora Miller (1964). The Eastern Shore of Virginia, 1603-1964 pp. 185-86. Onancock, Virginia: Eastern Shore News. pp. 185–186.
  7. ^ Stump, B (25 July 2014). "War on the Shore: The forgotten regiment". Delmarva Now. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
  8. ^ Jean M. Mihalyka and Mary C. Taylor (June 2003). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Cessford" (PDF). Virginia Department of Historic Resources.
  9. ^ Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part III, page 495
  10. ^ "History of the American Civil War!".
  11. Newspapers.com.Open access icon

References


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