Herbert Arthur Stuart

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For other people named Herbert Stuart, see Herbert Stuart (disambiguation).

Herbert Arthur Stuart (27 March 1899,

Zurich – 8 April 1974, Hanover) was a German experimental physicist who made contributions in molecular physics research. During World War II, he was director of the experimental physics department at the Technische Hochschule Dresden. From 1955, he was the head of the high polymer physics
laboratory at the University of Mainz.

Education

From 1920 to 1925, Stuart studied at the

dielectric constants in gases and vapors.[1]

Career

From 1928, Stuart was a

macromolecules.[2][3][4]

The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, passed in 1933, was substantially directed at academia and judges. The Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft (DPG, German Physical Society) dragged its feet in the dismissal of Jews for more than five years. It was not until the end of 1938, on the initiation of a petition by Herbert Arthur Stuart and Wilhelm Orthmann, who were engaged in physics studies (academic) reform, that the DPG asked Jewish members to withdraw their membership.[5][6][7][8][9][10]

In 1940, Stuart attended the historic meeting known as the Münchner Religionsgespräche confronting the

Habilitationsschrift, which was a prerequisite to attaining the rank of Privatdozent necessary to becoming a university lecturer. While some with ability joined such organizations out of tactical career considerations, others with ability and adherence to historical academic standards joined these organizations to moderate their activities. This was the case of Wolfgang Finkelnburg. It was in the summer of 1940 that Finkelnburg became an acting director of the NSDDB at Technische Hochschule Darmstadt. As such, he organized the Münchner Religionsgespräche, which took place on 15 November 1940 and was known as the “Munich Synod.” The Münchner Religionsgespräche was an offensive against deutsche Physik. Finkelnburg invited five representatives to make arguments for theoretical physics and academic decisions based on ability rather than politics: Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, Otto Scherzer, Georg Joos, Otto Heckmann, and Hans Kopfermann. Alfons Bühl, a supporter of deutsche Physik, invited Harald Volkmann, Bruno Thüring, Wilhelm Müller, Rudolf Tomaschek, and Ludwig Wesch. The discussion was led by Gustav Borer, with Herbert Arthur Stuart and Johannes Malsch as observers. While the technical outcome may have been thin, it was a political victory against deutsche Physik.[11][12][13][14][15]

From 1948 to 1955, Stuart was a physics adviser to the Bayer Company in Leverkusen. From 1955, he was an ausserordentlicher Professor of chemical physics and head of the high polymer physics laboratory at the Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz.[16]

Literature by Stuart

  • H. A. Stuart Über den Temperaturverlauf der Dielektrizitätskonstanten einiger Gase bei verschiedenen Drucken, Bemerkung zu der gleichnamigen Arbeit von Magdalene Forró, Zeitschrift für Physik Volume 48, Issue 9-10, p. 747 (1928)
  • H. A. Stuart Über den Kerreffekt an Gasen und Dämfen. I. Methode und Ergebnisse für SO2, CH3Cl, CH3Br, C2H5Cl und (CH3)2O, Zeitschrift für Physik Volume 59, p. 13 (1929)
  • H. A. Stuart and H. Volkmann Experimentelle Untersuchungen des elektrischen Kerreffekts an Gasen und Dämpfen bei höheren Temperaturen, Annalen der Physik Volume 410, Issue 2, pp. 121–149 (1933)
  • Herbert Arthur Stuart Bedeutung der Physik und Aufgaben des Physiker, Deutsche Mathematik Volume 4, 116 – 117 (1939), as cited in Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, p. XC; see Reference [859]. This was Stuart’s report on an initiative to reform physics education presented at the first Mathematikerlager (German mathematics camp) organized by the Nationalsozialistischer Deutscher Dozentenbund (NSDDB, National Socialist German University Lecturers League).[17]
  • Herbert Stuart Erforschung der Elektronenhüllen und der Molekülgestalt mit anderen Methoden in Hans Kopfermann (editor) Physics of the electron shells (The American FIAT review of German science, 1939-1945, Volume 12) (Office of Military Government for Germany Field Information Agencies, Technical, 1948) pp. 69 – 91.[18]

Notes

  1. ^ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Stuart.
  2. ^ Peter Paufler Physik und Physiker an der TH/TU Dresden 1828 – 2008: Eine kurze Einführung, Technische Universität Dresden (2008 Archived 2008-02-27 at the Wayback Machine)
  3. ^ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Stuart.
  4. ^ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, 182n2.
  5. ^ Hentschel, 1996, Appendix A; see the entry for the DPG.
  6. ^ DPG Archived 2007-08-17 at the Wayback Machine – Membership 1938 vs. 1939
  7. ^ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entries for Orthmann and Stuart.
  8. ^ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, 182n2.
  9. National Socialist German University Lecturers League
    ); see Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, 182n2.
  10. ^ Wilhelm Orthmann Über die Ausbildung des Physikers and Bemerkung zum Frauenstudium, Deutsche Mathematik Volume 4, 117 – 126 (1939), as cited in Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, p. LXXXII; see Reference [667]. These were Orthmann’s reports on an initiative to reform physics education presented at the first Mathematikerlager (German mathematics camp) organized by the Nationalsozialistischer Deutscher Dozentenbund (NSDDB, National Socialist German University Lecturers League); see Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, 182n2.
  11. ^ Beyerchen, 1997, 79 – 102, 103 – 140, 141 – 167, 176 – 179, 199 – 210 .
  12. ^ Hoffmann, 2005, 293-329.
  13. ^ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix C; see the entry for the NSDDB.
  14. ^ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, 290.
  15. ^ Document 110: The Fight against Party Politics by Wolfgang Finkelnburg in Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, 339-345.
  16. ^ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Stuart.
  17. ^ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, 182n2.
  18. ^ There were 50-odd volumes of the FIAT Reviews of German Science, which covered the period 1930 to 1946 – cited by Max von Laue in Document 117 Max von Laue: The Wartime Activities of German Scientists [April 1948], Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Volume 4, Number 4 (April 1948), reprinted in Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, 393-395.

References

  • Beyerchen, Alan D. Scientists Under Hitler: Politics and the Physics Community in the Third Reich (Yale, 1977)
    ISBN 0-300-01830-4
  • Fischer, E. W. Herbert Arthur Stuart 1899 - 1974, Physikalische Blätter Volume 30, pp. 510 – 511 (1974)
  • Hentschel, Klaus (Editor) and Ann M. Hentschel (Editorial Assistant and Translator) Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources (Birkhäuser, 1996)
  • Hoffmann, Dieter Between Autonomy and Accommodation: The German Physical Society during the Third Reich, Physics in Perspective 7(3) 293-329 (2005)
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