High-g training
High-g training is done by aviators and astronauts who are subject to high levels of acceleration ('g'). It is designed to prevent a g-induced loss of consciousness (g-LOC), a situation when the action of g-forces moves the blood away from the brain to the extent that consciousness is lost. Incidents of acceleration-induced loss of consciousness have caused fatal accidents in aircraft capable of sustaining high-g for considerable periods.
The value of training has been well established during the decades since the 1970s and has been the subject of much research and literature, and training has contributed to extending pilots' g tolerance in both magnitude and duration.[1] Training includes centrifuge, Anti-g Straining Maneuvers (AGSM), and acceleration physiology.
Overview
As g-forces increase, visual effects include loss of colour vision ("
The
A further increase in g-forces will cause g-LOC where consciousness is lost. This is doubly dangerous because, on recovery as g is reduced, a period of several seconds of disorientation occurs, during which the aircraft can dive into the ground.
The g thresholds at which these effects occur depend on the training, age and fitness of the individual. An untrained individual not used to the g-straining maneuver can black out between 4 and 6 g, particularly if this is pulled suddenly. Roller coasters typically do not expose the occupants to much more than about 3 g. A hard slap on the face may impose hundreds of g-s locally but may not produce any obvious damage; a constant 15 g-s for a minute, however, may be deadly. A trained, fit individual wearing a g suit and practising the straining maneuver can, with some difficulty, sustain up to 9 g without loss of consciousness.
The human body is considerably more able to survive g-forces that are
G-suits
A g-suit is worn by aviators and astronauts who are subject to high levels of acceleration and, hence, increasing positive g. It is designed to prevent a blackout and g-LOC, due to the blood pooling in the lower part of the body when under high-g, thus depriving the brain of blood.
Human centrifuge training
Human centrifuges are exceptionally large
.In the
KBRwyle at
The use of large centrifuges to simulate a feeling of gravity has been proposed for future long-duration
Human-rated centrifuges are made by AMST Systemtechnik in Austria (Austria Metall SystemTechnik), Latécoère in France, Wyle Laboratories and ETC in the US.
See also
References
- ^ "Centrifuge Training". Archived from the original on 2007-08-02. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
- ^ Forster, Estrella M. (June 20, 1993). A Database to Evaluate Acceleration (+Gz) Induced Loss of Consciousness (G-Loc) in the Human Centrifuge (PDF) (Report). Defense Technical Information Center. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
- ^ NASA Physiological Acceleration Systems Archived May 19, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ NASA Technical note D-337, Centrifuge Study of Pilot Tolerance to Acceleration and the Effects of Acceleration on Pilot Performance, by Brent Y. Creer, Captain Harald A. Smedal, USN (MC), and Rodney C. Wingrove
- ^ "High G Training and Test Facility". Thales Group. 6 June 2019. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
- ^ "KBRwyle Provides High-G Centrifuge Flight Training". KBRWyle. March 7, 2019. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
- ^ "The Pull of HyperGravity - A NASA researcher is studying the strange effects of artificial gravity on humans". NASA. Archived from the original on 16 March 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
- ^ Hsu, Jeremy (12 May 2010). "New Artificial Gravity Tests in Space Could Help Astronauts". Space.com. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
