High policing
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High policing is a form of intelligence-led policing that serves to protect the national government or a conglomerate of national governments from internal threats; that is, any policing operations integrated into domestic intelligence gathering, national security, or international security operations for the purpose of protecting government.
Etymology
The term "high policing" was introduced into English language police studies by Canadian criminologist
Aims
The term "high policing" refers to the fact that such policing benefits the "higher" interests of the government rather than individual citizens or the mass population. It also refers to the fact that high-policing organizations are endowed with authority and legal powers superior to that of other types of police organizations.
There is no conventional designation for this category of policing in liberal democracies, however, and it should not be conflated with secret police, although secret police organizations do use high policing methods. Calling it "secret" or "political" policing is too vague since all police work is somewhat both secret (police generally do not reveal their methods until a case is completed) and political (police enforce laws determined by the political system in power).
The primary tool of high policing is
Agencies
High policing in western
These organizations usually confront domestic or internal threats to national security, whereas the military or military intelligence agencies generally handle foreign or external threats. However, this distinction can become blurred, especially in cases involving terrorism.
Human rights concerns
High policing has an extremely high potential for abuse. There is a tendency, even in democratic countries, for high policing organizations to abuse their powers or even to operate outside the law because many organizations involved in high policing are granted extensive legal powers, including
See also
- Anti-terrorism legislation
- Good governance
- Homeland security
- Intelligence agency
- Intelligence-led policing
- International security
- Rule of law
- Secret police
- Security
- State of emergency
- Terrorism
References
- JSTOR 800268.
- O’Reilly, C.; Ellison, G. (July 2006). "'Eye Spy Private High': Re-Conceptualizing High Policing Theory". Br J Criminol. 46 (4): 641–660. .
- Sheptcki, J. (2007). "High Policing in the Security Control Society". Policing. 1 (1): 70–79. .
- Brodeur, J-P. "High policing: The Protection of National Security". Policing: National Police Organizations. Encyclopædia Britannica.