Hiro H3H1

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H3H1
The Type 90-1 Flying boat, with radiators in their early, forward position.
Role
Bomber flying boat
National origin Japan
Manufacturer Hiro Naval Arsenal
Designer Jun Okamura
First flight Spring 1932
Number built 1

The Hiro H3H1 or Navy Type 90-1 Flying boat was a Japanese flying boat bomber built in 1931. It was the first large all-metal aircraft built in Japan. Only one was completed.

Design and development

The H3H1 was Hiro Naval Arsenal's first large all-metal,

stressed-skin aircraft, though they had long experience of large wooden flying boat design and construction. It was the first Japanese Naval aircraft able to carry a one tonne bomb load. Built in 1931,[1] it was first flown in the spring of 1932.[2]

It had a

shoulder-mounted, cantilever wing built around a type of single box spar previously proven by the German company Rohrbach. Its three licence-built, 480–590 kW (650–790 hp), Hispano-Suiza V12 engines were tractor mounted over the wing on multi-strut pylons. Lateral stability on the water was provided by floats at mid-span, mounted on vertical N-struts and braced by inward parallel strut pairs to the wing.[1]

The hull incorporated both Hiro's experience and some features from that of the

fin and braced to the fuselage on N-struts.[1]

After its first flight the H3H1 flew to Yokohama for extensive testing which revealed problems with aerodynamic stability and with the engine installations. The former led to the addition of auxiliary fins on the tailplane and modification of the tailplane struts to allow its incidence to be adjusted for trimming. The engines had their radiators moved further aft and different propellers were tested. The modification state was denoted with a dash number suffix, thus the final modification state of the Navy Type 90-1 Flying boat, was the Navy Type 90-1-4 Flying boat.[1]

Despite the changes the stability problems persisted and the contemporary but more traditional

Mitsubishi MK1 Shinten 950 hp (710 kW) 14 cylinder, double-row radial engine.[1]

Specifications

Data from Japanese Aircraft 1910-1941.[1]

General characteristics

  • Crew: nine
  • Length: 22.71 m (74 ft 6 in)
  • Wingspan: 31.05 m (101 ft 10 in)
  • Height: 7.52 m (24 ft 8 in)
  • Wing area: 137 m2 (1,470 sq ft)
  • Empty weight: 7,900 kg (17,417 lb)
  • Gross weight: 11,900 kg (26,235 lb)
  • Powerplant: 3 × Mitsubishi Hispano-Suiza 12 V-12 water-cooled, 480–590 kW (650–790 hp) each
  • Propellers: 4-bladed wooden

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 228 km/h (142 mph, 123 kn)
  • Cruise speed: 157 km/h (98 mph, 85 kn)
  • Alighting speed: 112 km/h (70 mph; 60 kn)
  • Range: 2,046 km (1,272 mi, 1,105 nmi)
  • Endurance: 13hr
  • Service ceiling: 4,500 m (14,800 ft)
  • Time to altitude: 17 min to 3,000 m (9,800 ft)

Armament

  • Guns: Pairs of flexibly-mounted 7.7 mm (0.30 in) machine guns in nose, tail and amidships on both sides
  • Bombs: 2 × 500 kg (1,100 lb) or 4 × 250 kg (550 lb)

See also

Related lists

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hiro H3H1.
  1. ^
    ISBN 1-55750-563-2
    .
  2. ^ "Naval Flying boat Type 90-1". Aero Digest. 22 (5): 36-7. May 1933.
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