Hirotugu Akaike
Hirotsugu Akaike | |
---|---|
赤池 弘次 | |
Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan | |
Died | August 4, 2009 | (aged 81)
Nationality | Japanese |
Alma mater | University of Tokyo |
Occupation | Statistician |
Organization | Institute of Statistical Mathematics |
Known for | Akaike information criterion |
Notable work | Statistical analysis and control of dynamic systems |
Awards | See Awards, honors, and related |
Hirotsugu Akaike (赤池 弘次, Akaike Hirotsugu, IPA: [akaike çiɾotsɯɡɯ], November 5, 1927 – August 4, 2009) was a Japanese statistician.[1] In the early 1970s, he formulated the Akaike information criterion (AIC). AIC is now widely used for model selection, which is commonly the most difficult aspect of statistical inference; additionally, AIC is the basis of a paradigm for the foundations of statistics. Akaike also made major contributions to the study of time series. As well, he had a large role in the general development of statistics in Japan.
Akaike information criterion
The Akaike information criterion (AIC) is an estimator of the relative quality of statistical models for a given set of data. Given a collection of models for the data, AIC estimates the quality of each model, relative to each of the other models. Thus, AIC provides a means for model selection.
AIC was first formally described in a research paper by Akaike (1974). As of October 2014, the paper had received more than 14000 citations in the Web of Science: making it the 73rd most-cited research paper of all time.[2] (As of April 2016, the paper had received about 17000 citations.[3])
Nowadays, AIC has become common enough that it is often used without citing Akaike's 1974 paper. Indeed, there are over 170,000 scholarly articles/books that use AIC (as assessed by Google Scholar).[4]
Life and career
Hirotugu Akaike was born to a silkworm farmer in
Akaike graduated with a bachelor's degree from the School of Science at the
During his career, Akaike held visiting positions at a number of universities:
Akaike died of pneumonia.[6][12] His obituary in the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society describes him as being "a most gentle person of great intellect, integrity and generosity".[5]
In 1989, Akaike was awarded the Asahi Prize and the Purple Ribbon Medal.[1][5][7][13] In 1996, he was the recipient of the first Japan Statistical Society Prize.[1][5][8][14]: 1 In 2000, he was awarded the Gold and Silver Star of the Order of the Sacred Treasure.[1][5] In 2006, Akaike was awarded the Kyoto Prize;[1][5][8] the official citation states that the Prize was for his "Major contribution to statistical science and modeling with the development of the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC)".[15]
Akaike was a Fellow at several scientific associations: American Statistical Association, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, Royal Statistical Society, and others.[1][6][8]
The Akaike Memorial Lecture was founded to honor Akaike's legacy. The Lecture is biennial, and is sponsored jointly by the Institute of Statistical Mathematics and the Japan Statistical Society.[10][16]
On 5 November 2017, Google Doodle commemorated his 90th birthday.[17]
Interviews
- Findley, David F.; .
- Garfield, Eugene (December 21, 1981), "This Week's Citation Classic: Akaike H. A new look at the statistical model identification." (PDF), Current Contents Engineering, Technology, and Applied Sciences, 12 (51): 42.
- "Message from Hirotugu Akaike - The 2006 Kyoto Prize Winner" —YouTube video, recorded on November 11, 2006.
Publications
Articles
A list of Akaike's research articles (and similar publications) is available on the Hirotugu Akaike Memorial Website, at the Institute of Statistical Mathematics. The list comprises 119 English[18] articles and 52 Japanese[19] articles. What follows here is a selection of English articles. (Many articles in what follows are also in the book Selected Papers of Hirotugu Akaike.[14])
- Akaike, H. (1969), "Fitting autoregressive models for prediction" (PDF), S2CID 189773171.
- Akaike, H. (1970), "Statistical predictor identification" (PDF), S2CID 189780584.
- Akaike, H. (1973), "Information theory and an extension of the maximum likelihood principle", in Petrov, B. N.; Csáki, F. (eds.), 2nd International Symposium on Information Theory, Tsahkadsor, Armenia, USSR, September 2-8, 1971, Budapest: Springer-Verlag, pp. 610–624.
- Akaike, H. (1973), "Maximum likelihood identification of Gaussian autoregressive moving average models" (PDF), JSTOR 2334537.
- Akaike, H. (1974), "A new look at the statistical model identification", .
- Akaike, H. (1975), "Block Toeplitz matrix inversion", doi:10.1137/0124024.
- Akaike, H. (1975), "Markovian representation of stochastic processes by canonical variables", SIAM Journal on Control, 13: 162–173, doi:10.1137/0313010.
- Akaike, H. (1976), "Canonical correlation analysis of time series and the use of an information criterion", in Mehra, R. K.; Lainiotis, D. G. (eds.), System Identification: Advances and Case Studies, Academic Press, pp. 27–96.
- Akaike, H. (1977), "On entropy maximization principle", in Krishnaiah, P. R. (ed.), Applications of statistics, North-Holland Publishing Company, pp. 27–41.
- Akaike, H. (1978), "A new look at the Bayes procedure", JSTOR 2335276.
- Akaike, H. (1978), "A Bayesian analysis of the minimum AIC procedure" (PDF), S2CID 189781906.
- Akaike, H. (1978), "On the likelihood of a time series model", JSTOR 2988185.
- Akaike, H. (1979), "A Bayesian extension of the minimum AIC procedure of autoregressive model fitting", .
- Akaike, H. (1980). "Likelihood and the Bayes procedure (with discussion)". J. M. Bernardo, M. H. DeGroot, D. V. Lindley, and A. F. M. Smith (eds.) Bayesian Statistics, 143–203. Valencia, Spain: University Press.
- Akaike, H. (1981), "Likelihood of a model and information criteria" (PDF), doi:10.1016/0304-4076(81)90071-3, archived from the original(PDF) on 2011-07-22, retrieved 2011-03-14.
- Akaike, H. (1981). "Modern development of statistical methods". P. Eykhoff (ed.) Trends and Progress in System Identification, 169–184. Pergamon Press.
- Akaike, H. (1983). "Statistical inference and measurement of entropy". G. E. P. Box, T. Leonard, and C.-F. Wu (eds.) Scientific Inference, Data Analysis, and Robustness, 165–189. Academic Press.
- Akaike, H. (1983). "Information measures and model selection". Proceedings of the 44th World Statistics Congress of the International Statistical Institute, 277–291.
- Akaike, H. (1983), "On minimum information prior distributions" (PDF), S2CID 120012638.
- Akaike, H. (1985). "Prediction and entropy". A. C. Atkinson, and S. E. Fienberg (eds.) A Celebration of Statistics, 1–24. Springer.
- Akaike, H. (1987), "Factor analysis and AIC", S2CID 186239616.
- Akaike, H. (1994), "Implications of informational point of view on the development of statistical science", in Bozdogan, H. (ed.), Proceedings of the First US/JAPAN Conference on The Frontiers of Statistical Modeling: An Informational Approach—Volume 3, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 27–38.
Books
The following list is adapted from a list on the Hirotugu Akaike Memorial Website, at the Institute of Statistical Mathematics.[20]
- Akaike Information Criterion AIC - Modeling / Prediction / Knowledge-Discovery (written in Japanese)
Co-authored with S. Amari, G. Kitagawa, S. Abashima, and H. Simodaira, and with K. Murota and T.i Tsuchiya (Eds.), Tokyo: Kyoritsu Shuppan (2007). - The Practice of Time Series Analysis
H. Akaike and G. Kitagawa (Eds.), Springer-Verlag (1999). - Practice of Time Series Analysis II (written in Japanese)
H. Akaike and G. Kitagawa (Eds.), Asakura Publishing Co. (1995). - Time Series Theory (written in Japanese)
coauthored with T. Ozaki, The Society for the Promotion of The University of the Air (1988). - Statistical Analysis and Control of Dynamic Systems (translation of 1972 book)
coauthored with T. Nakagawa, Kluwer Academic Publishers (1988). - Statistics in Science (written in Japanese)
coauthored with T. Matsuda, M. Oda, K. Nomoto, E. Matsunaga Kodansha Ltd. (1987). - Statistical Special Theory (written in Japanese)
coauthored with C. Hayashi and T. Suzuki, The Society for the Promotion of The University of the Air (1986). - Probability and Statistics (written in Japanese)
coauthored with C. Hayashi, The Society for the Promotion of The University of the Air (1985). - Statistical Analysis and Control of Dynamic Systems (written in Japanese)
coauthored with T. Nakagawa, Science Co. (1972). - Idea Concerning Public Opinion (written in Japanese)
coauthored with M. Royama, New Japan Educational Association (1955). - Contemporary Society and Mass Communication (written in Japanese)
Mass Communication Course Vol.5 (coauthored with R. Hidaka), Kawade Shobo Publishers (1955).
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "C.V.", Hirotugu Akaike Memorial Website (Institute of Statistical Mathematics).
- ^ Van Noordon R., Maher B., Nuzzo R. (2014), "The top 100 papers", Nature, 514.
- ^ "Number of Citations", Hirotugu Akaike Memorial Website (Institute of Statistical Mathematics).
- ^ Sources containing both "Akaike" and "AIC"—at Google Scholar.
- ^ at Tong's website.
- ^ a b c Dr. Hirotugu Akaike, NDTV, 5 November 2017.
- ^ a b c Findley & Parzen 1995
- ^ a b c d e f Kitagawa, Genshiro (2011), "Contribution of Prof. H. Akaike to Statistical Modeling of Complex Systems", 58th World Statistics Congress of the International Statistical Institute.
- S2CID 119608745.
- ^ a b c The Institute of Statistical Mathematics and the Japan Statistical Society Joint Inaugural Akaike Memorial Lecture Award, Selection of the First Awardee (PDF), Institute of Statistical Mathematics, July 14, 2016.
- ^ "JSS Research Series in Statistics", Springer.
- ^ "Profile", Hirotugu Akaike Memorial Website (Institute of Statistical Mathematics).
- ^ "Who is Hirotugu Akaike in today's Google Doodle?", The Hindu, 5 November 2017.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-387-98355-4.
- ^ "Hirotugu Akaike", KyotoPrize.org.
- Eurekalert!, 22 July 2016.
- ^ "Hirotugu Akaike's 90th Birthday". 5 November 2017.
- ^ "English Papers", Hirotugu Akaike Memorial Website (Institute of Statistical Mathematics).
- ^ "Japanese Papers", Hirotugu Akaike Memorial Website (Institute of Statistical Mathematics).
- ^ "Books", Hirotugu Akaike Memorial Website (Institute of Statistical Mathematics).
Further reading
- Kluwer Academic Publishers; text available as Technical Report #177 (Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University).
- Kitagawa, Genshiro (2008), "Contributions of Professor Hirotugu Akaike in statistical science", .
- Tong, Howell (2010), "Obituary of Professor Hirotugu Akaike, 1927-2009", Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 173: 451–454
External links
- Hirotugu Akaike | 2006 Laureate —official web page for Akaike's Kyoto Prize
- Hirotugu Akaike Memorial Website —at the Institute of Statistical Mathematics