Holualoa Bay
Holualoa 4 Archeological District Kamoa Point Complex | |
Location | Aliʻi Drive, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii |
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Coordinates | 19°36′7.78″N 155°58′29.4″W / 19.6021611°N 155.974833°W |
Area | 28.4 acres (115,000 m2) |
Built | 1300 - 1800 |
Architectural style | Ancient Hawaii |
NRHP reference No. | 83000247 05000542 |
Added to NRHP | June 8, 2005[1] |
Hōlualoa Bay is a historic area between
History
The Kamoa Point Complex, the area West of Aliʻi drive on the south side of the bay, included a temple for surfers, called the Haleʻaʻama Heiau, and a large ancient sports complex named after chiefess Keolonāhihi, thought to have lived circa 1300. Here warriers could practice their skills. [5] Some legends say Keolonāhihi was the daughter of
Kamehameha I, the great-great-grandson of Keakealaniwahine, probably learned to surf here in his youth.[1] When he came to power he lived further north in Kamakahonu but continued to maintain a temple here called Hale O Kaili to the war god Kūkailimoku. Although this Hōlualoa was for the practical purpose of building canoes, sliding down the lava rock evolved into a favorite sport of the upper class called heʻe hōlua. Kamehameha constructed a large ramp purely for the sport a few miles further south known as the Keauhou Holua Slide, some of which is preserved.
The complex on the point was originally added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 14, 1983, as site 83000247. It is state site 10-37-2059, added November 2, 1977.[6]
Decline
After the death of Kamehameha I in 1819, the royalty converted to Christianity and deconstructed many of the old temples. William Ellis toured the area in 1823, and recorded ruins with holes that had "idols removed" but were otherwise well preserved.[7] He described one enclosure as two hundred seventy feet by two hundred ten feet. The place at the time was called Kaluaokalani but this name was unknown on later visits.[8] The number of different names used through the years has added to confusion about the site.
In the
On the north side of the bay in the 19th century, a small Christian church was built called Hale Halawai O Holualoa. It was restored in the 1990s and now known as the "Living Stones Church".
Recreation
The north side of the bay has a lava ridge that produces a popular surf break known as "Banyans",[11] even though no Banyan trees remain. There are small patches of coral sand, but the hazardous waves and currents can be dangerous to all but advanced surfers. Banyans is the site a surf contest, usually in February.[12] The south side of the bay, along Kamoa Point, has a left surf break called "Lyman's", named for former resident Howard Lyman,[13] favored among all surfers.[14] It was the subject of a song "Laimana" composed by Lei Collins in 1956.[15]
The State purchased some land at Kamoa Point in 1990 to develop the area as Keolonāhihi State Historical Park and some clearing work has been done,[16] but as of 2009 it has only a narrow public access trail. An environmental impact statement was filed in 1995, and an additional 16 acres (65,000 m2) in the Hōlualoa 4 area on the East of Aliʻi Drive was donated in 1998.[3] The property had been foreclosed upon by First Hawaiian Bank, when it was realized a Senior Vice President of the Bank was a descendant of Keakealaniwahine.[17] One more parcel of 1.25 acres (5,100 m2) was purchased in 2005.[18]
See also
- Contributing property
- Cultural landscape
- Historic preservation
- Keeper of the Register
- List of heritage registers
- Property type (National Register of Historic Places)
- United States National Register of Historic Places listings
- State Historic Preservation Office
References
- ^ a b c Martha Yent (February 15, 2003). "Hōlualoa 4 Archaeological District nomination form for site 05000542". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. Retrieved December 28, 2009.
- University of Hawaii Press. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
- ^ a b Environmental Assessment of Lako Street Extension Archived 2007-10-13 at the Wayback Machine on County of Hawaiʻi official web site
- ^ a b Archaeological Mitigation Measures Archived 2011-07-11 at the Wayback Machine for Lako Street extension, produced by Haun and Associates, March 2003, on County of Hawaiʻi official web site
- ^ Map of Keolonahihi Enclosure Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine by Henry Kekehuna in Bishop Museum collection
- ^ National and State Register of Historic Places Archived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine on official County of Hawaiʻi web site
- ^ William Ellis, Narrative of a Tour Through Hawaii, Or, Owhyhee, published by H. Fisher, son, and P. Jackson, second edition, 1827
- ^ Lloyd J. Soehren (2010). "lookup of Kaluaokalani ". in Hawaiian Place Names. Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
- ^ Kailua to Keauhou Parkway Archived 2008-07-08 at the Wayback Machine project information on Hawaiʻi County web site
- ^ Erin Miller (August 24, 2010). "Surfers, residents pan condo proposal at Lyman's surf spot". West Hawaii Today. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
- University of Hawaii Press. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
- ^ Big Island Chapter of Hawaii Surfing Association Archived 2009-04-27 at the Wayback Machine official web site
- University of Hawaii Press. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
- ^ Shoreline access map Archived 2011-07-08 at the Wayback Machine at Hawaiʻi County web site
- ISBN 978-0-8248-0976-8.
- ^ "Keolonahihi opening to public" in West Hawaii Today, February 2, 2007
- ^ Preserving the Historic Keakealaniwahine Complex in Kona article in Coffee Times Summer 2000
- ^ Rod Thompson (May 13, 2005). "State to purchase historical site". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Retrieved September 21, 2010.