Humin
Humins are carbon-based macromolecular substances, that can be found in
Humins in soil chemistry
Soil consists of both mineral (inorganic) and organic components. The organic components can be subdivided into fractions that are soluble, largely
Due to their very complex molecular structure, humic substances, including humin, do not correspond to pure substances but consist of a mixture of many compounds that remain very difficult to characterize even using modern analytical techniques.[2]
Humins from biomass sources
Humins also produced during the
Humin structure and mechanism of formation
Both the structure of humins and the mechanism by which they are synthesized is at present not well defined as the formation and chemical properties of humins will change depending on the process conditions used. Generally, humins have a polymeric furanic-type structure, with
Safety aspects
Humins are not considered to be a dangerous substance according to officially recognized
Potential applications of humins
In the past, humins from biomass sources have been mostly considered as combustible materials to supply heat for biorefinery processes. However, high value applications have started to receive more attention, notably the use of humins in the preparation of
See also
References
- PMID 26595271
- ^ van Zandvoort, I., "Towards the Valorisation of Humin By-products: Characterisation, Solubilisation and Catalysis", 2015
- ISBN 9789812877697
- ISSN 0040-4039.
- S2CID 84984623.
- ISSN 0008-6215.
- ^ a b Muralidhara, A., Tosi, P., Mija, A., Sbirrazzuoli, N., Len, C., Engelen, V., de Jong, E., Marlair, G., ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2018, 6, 16692-16701
- ^ Muralidhara, A., Bado-Nilles, A., Marlair, G., Engelen, V., Len, C., Pandard, P., Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2018, 1-7
- PMID 29956889.
- ^ Filiciotto, L., Balu, A.M., Romero, A.A, Rodriguez-Castellon, E., van der Waal, J.C., Luque, R., Green Chemistry, 2017, 19, 4423-4434
- ^ Pin, J.M., Guigo, N., Mija, A., Vincent, L., Sbirrazzuoli, N., van der Waal, J.C., de Jong, E., ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 2014, 2, 2182-2190
- ^ Mija, A., van der Waal, J.C., van Klink, G., de Jong, E., Humins-containing foam, 2016, WO2017074183A8
- ^ Tosi, P., van Klink, G.P., Celzard, A., Fierro V., Vincent, L., de Jong, E., Mija, A., ChemSusChem, 2018, 11, 2797-2809
Further reading
Singer, Michael J., and Donald N. Munns (2005). Soils: An Introduction (6th Edition). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.