ISO/IEC 18000-3
General description
MODE 2 RFID tags are passive deriving their power from the interrogating signal generated by an RFID interrogator. Power is transferred from the interrogator to the tag by a high-frequency magnetic field using coupled antennae coils in the reader and the tag. The powering field frequency is 13.56 MHz ± 7 kHz.
Dialogue between the interrogator and the tag is conducted on an Interrogator-Talks-First (ITF) basis. Following activation of the tag by the interrogator’s interrogating signal the tag waits silently for a valid command. After receiving a valid command the tag transmits a reply in response to the command. The air interface operates as a full-duplex communication link. The interrogator operates with full-duplex transmissions being able to transmit commands while simultaneously receiving multiple tag replies. Tags operate with half-duplex transmissions.
Commands are transmitted from the interrogator to the tag by phase-jitter modulation (PJM)[3] of the powering field. PJM transmits data as very small phase changes in the powering field. There is no reduction in the transfer of power to the tag during PJM, and the bandwidth of PJM is no wider than the original double-sided spectrum of the data. The PJM sideband levels and data rates are decoupled, allowing the sideband levels to be set at any arbitrary level without affecting the data rate. The command data rate is 423.75 kbit/s encoded using modified frequency modulation (MFM).
Tags reply to the interrogator by
Multiple-tag identification is performed using a combination of
All commands are time-stamped, and tags store the first time stamp received after entering an interrogator. The stored time stamp defines precisely when the tag first entered the interrogator and provides a high-resolution method of determining tag order, which is decoupled from the speed of identification.[6] Tag temporary settings, such as the time stamp, are stored in temporary random-access memory (TRAM)[7] that retains data contents during power outages caused by switching of the powering field in orientation-insensitive interrogators.[8]
Applications
Primary applications are in RFID tags for use in gaming, healthcare, pharmaceuticals, document and media management. The German identity card contains an ISO/IEC 18000-3 and ISO/IEC 14443 type A compatible 13.56 MHz RFID chip that uses the ISO/IEC 7816 protocols.[9][10]
See also
- DASH7 Alliance Protocol, an open source Wireless Sensor and Actuator Network protocol defined in ISO 18000-7
- ISO/IEC 18000-7, air interface standard for RFID in the 433 MHz band
References
- ^ ISO/IEC 18000-3:2010 Information technology -- Radio frequency identification for item management -- Part 3: Parameters for air interface communications at 13.56 MHz
- ^ ISO/IEC 18000-3 Section 8 Table of characteristic differences between the MODES
- ^ WO/1999/034526 "A Transmitter and a Method for Transmitting Data".
- ^ WO/1999/039450 "A Transceiver".
- ^ WO/1989/005549 "Identification Apparatus and Methods".
- ^ WO/2001/065712 "Radio Frequency identification Transponder".
- ^ WO/2007/030863 "An Improved RFID Device".
- ^ WO/1989/005530 "Antenna Structure for Providing a Uniform Field".
- ISBN 978-3-89578-658-7.
- ZDNet.