Ignác Martinovics
Ignác Martinovics (
Biography
Early life, education and academic career
His father, Mátyás Martinovics was one of the nobles who as a result of the
Some sources describe Martinovic to be of Albanian descent.[4][5] Other sources described him to be of Serb descent.[6][3][7][8][9] His grandparents converted from Eastern Orthodoxy to Catholicism just some years before the birth of his father Mátyás. During his lifetime, Ignác Martinovics stated that his father was either a Serb tavern keeper or an Albanian noble in military service.[1] Mátyás Martinovics served in the Austrian army,[2] In November 1791, he amoved to Pest.[2] There he married Mária Poppini,[5] a German[1] commoner from Buda, they had five sons and two daughters.
Ignác Martinovics was born in
Political activity and execution
Ferenc Gyurkovics, a professor of politics at the University of Pest, worked to organize a secret society to spread such ideas and also edited a revolutionary catechesis. In March 1793, Martinovics was also initiated into his plans, and before his death shortly afterwards, Gyurkovics couldn't persuade Martinovics to join the company yet. In his testament, professor Gyurkovics left his works to Martinovics.
Martinovics career in the secret agency became successful, he was applied as a personal secret agent by
In 1794 revolutionary pressure in Hungary took two forms, a nationalistic aristocratic from the less nobles and gentry and an egalitarian Jacobin form from the bourgeois. Martinovics thus he established two republican secret clubs: one for aristocratic members ("Compagnie des Réformateurs"), and one for members with bourgeois background ("Liberté Égalité Fraternité"). These societies were to have no idea of the others assistance and once the Reformers Society had finished its work it was to be liquidated by the Equality club.[10] For each society, Martinovics wrote a separate "catechism." While both fiercely denounced the reign of Kings and Priests, the one addressed to the Reformers focused on freedom from the Hapsburgs and promised a continuation of the feudal system in contrast to the catechism addressed to the Equality Club which focused on philosophical ideas of "man" and "reason" while promising to abolish serfdom and end noble privilege.[10] He established four territorial directorates for the secret societies, their directors were János Laczkovics, József Hajnóczy, Ferenc Szentmarjay and Jakab Sigray. Martinovics was arrested in Vienna and quickly turned on his fellow Hungarian Jacobins thereby ending the Jacobin movement in Hungary.[10] The discovery of Martinovics' plot helped strengthen counter-revolutionary forces in the Hapsburg Empire. He was executed, together with six other prominent Jacobins, on 20 May 1795. More than 42 members of the republican secret society were arrested, including the poet János Batsányi and linguist Ferenc Kazinczy.[11][12][13][14][15]
Honors
The most important masonic lodge of Budapest belonging to the Hungarian Grand Orient is named after him.[16] Two postage stamp were issued in his honour by Hungary; on 12 June 1919[17] and on 15 March 1947.[18]
Selected works
- Theoria generalis aequati onum omnium graduum, novis illustrata formulis, ac juxta principia sublimioris calculi finitorum deducta, 1780
- Tentamen publicum ex mathesi pura, 1780
- Systema universae philosophiae, 1781
- Dissertatio physica de iride et halone, 1781
- Dissertatio de harmonia naturali inter bonitatem divinam et mala creata, ad celeberrimam Hollandiae academiam Leidensem transmissa et nunc primum elucubrata, 1783
- Dissertatio de micrometro, ope cuius unus geometricus dividitur in 2.985,984 puncta quinti ordinis, 1784
- Dissertatio physica de altitudine atmospherae ex observationibus astronomicis determinata et anno 1785
- Praelectiones physicae experimentalis, 1787
- Memoires philosophiques ou la nature devoilée, 1788
- Physiologische Bemerkungen über den Menschen, 1789
- Discussio oratoria in eos, qui in librorum censuram invehuntur
- Oratio ad proceres et nobiles regni Hungariae 1790. idibus Aprilis conscripta, et Vindobonae supressa, nunc primum in lucem prodit, 1791
- Oratio pro Leopoldo II. rom. imp. aug. Hungariae, Bohemiae etc. rege ab hungaris proceribus et nobilibus accusato anno 1792
- Status regni Hungariae anno, 1792
- Franczia Catechesis, 1795
References
- ^ ISBN 9780691119694.
- ^ ISBN 9780472025602.
- ^ a b "Koncepcije o Srpskoj Vojvodini, Iliriku, Dunavskoj konfederaciji, Istočnoj Švajcarskoj..." Kulturni centar Novog Sada (in Serbian). 2018-09-07. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
- ^ Dr. Zsigmond Várady, Martinovics Ignác, p. 19, 1909 Deutsch Zsigmond és társa könyvkereskedése, [1]
- ^ a b Vilmos Fraknói, Martinovics élete, p. 11, Budapest, 1921, Az Athenaeum Irodalmi És Nyomdai R.-T. Kiadása, [2]
- ^ povijest, Sveučilište u Zagrebu Zavod za hrvatsku (1989). Radovi (in Croatian). Zavod. p. 265.
- ^ Balkan Studies: Biannual Publication of the Institute for Balkan Studies. The Institute. 1964. p. 222.
- ^ Balcanica. Srpska Akademija Nauka i Umetnosti, Balkanolos̆ki Institut. 2006. p. 106.
- ^ "Игњат Мартиновић".
- ^ OCLC 1034247736.
- ISBN 9781107268692
- ISBN 9781317895725
- ISBN 9780230550704
- ISBN 9780674726413
- ISBN 9781118977521
- ^ http://szabadkomuvesseg.hu/
- ^ "Stamp: Ignác Martinovics (Hungary(Social Revolutionists) Mi:HU 263Y,Sn:HU 200,Yt:HU 242(A),Sg:HU 326A,AFA:HU 242,PHu:HU 298B".
- ^ "Stamp: Ignác Martinovics (1755-1795) philosopher (Hungary) (Hungarian Freedom Fighters) Mi:HU 974,Sn:HU 819,Yt:HU 861,Sg:HU 998,PHu:HU 1020".
Sources : 'Paul Lendvai Die Ungarn. Ein Jahrtausend Sieger in Niederlagen.