Image map
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In HTML and XHTML, an image map is a list of coordinates relating to a specific image, created in order to hyperlink areas of the image to different destinations (as opposed to a normal image link, in which the entire area of the image links to a single destination). For example, a map of the world may have each country hyperlinked to further information about that country. The intention of an image map is to provide an easy way of linking various parts of an image without dividing the image into separate image files.
Server-side
Server-side image maps were first supported in Mosaic (web browser) version 1.1.[1] Server-side image maps enable the web browser to send positional information to the server about where the user clicks within an image. This allows the server to make pixel-by-pixel decisions about what content to return in response (possible methods are to use image mask layers, database queries, or configuration files on the server).
The HTML code for this type of server-side image map requires the <img>
tag to be inside an anchor tag <a>...</a>
and the <img>
must include the ismap
attribute.
<a href="/imagemapper"><img src="image.png" ismap /></a>
When the user clicks inside the image the browser will append the X and Y coordinates (relative to the upper-left corner of the image) to the anchor URL as a query string and will access the resulting URL[2] (for example, /imagemapper?3,9
).
If the browser does not support ismap
then the query string must not be added to the anchor URL and the server should respond appropriately (for example, by returning a text-only navigation page).
Client-side
Client-side image maps were introduced in
Pure HTML
A client-side imagemap in HTML consists of two parts:
- the actual image, which is embedded with the
<img>
tag. The image tag must have an attribute usemap, which names the imagemap to use for this image (multiple imagemaps may exist on a single page). - A
<map>
element, and inside that,<area>
elements, each of which defines a single clickable area within the imagemap. These are similar to the<a> tag
defining whichblind users.[3]
The <area>
elements can be rectangles (shape="rect"
), polygons (shape="poly"
) or circles (shape="circle"
).
Shape-Values are coordinate-pairs. Every pair has an X and a Y value (from left/top of an image) and is separated with a comma.
- Rectangle: Set four coordinates: "x1,y1,x2,y2"
- Polygon: Set as many coordinates as desired (a multiple of two): "x1,y1,x2,y2, [...] xn,yn"
- Circle: One coordinate-pair and another value with a radius: "x1,y1,radius"
The following example defines a rectangular area ("9,372,66,397"). When a user clicks anywhere inside this area, they are taken to the English Wikipedia's home page.
<img src="image.png" alt="Website map" usemap="#mapname" />
<map name="mapname">
<area shape="rect" coords="9,372,66,397" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/" alt="Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia" />
</map>
CSS
A more modern approach is to overlay links on an image using
Creation and use
It is possible to create client-side image maps by hand using a text editor, but doing so requires web designers to know how to code HTML as well as how to enumerate the coordinates of the areas they wish to place over the image. As a result, most image maps coded by hand are simple polygons.
Because creating image maps in a text editor requires much time and effort, many applications have been designed to allow web designers to create image maps quickly and easily, much as they would create shapes in a
Image maps which do not make their clickable areas obvious risk subjecting the user to mystery meat navigation. Even when they do, where they lead may not be obvious. This can be partially remedied with rollover effects.[5]
SVG images
Because the
See also
References
- ^ "IMG extension for Mosaic 1.1".
- ^ "HTML: The Markup Language (an HTML language reference)".
- Penn State University. Retrieved 6 October 2013.
- ^ "LibreOffice ImageMap editor help".
- ISBN 978-0-7821-2187-2.
- ^ "SVG specification: Linking". World Wide Web Consortium. 16 August 2011. Retrieved 24 June 2019.
- ^ "SVG specification: Interactivity". World Wide Web Consortium. 16 August 2011. Retrieved 24 June 2019.