Inclusivism
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Inclusivism is one of several approaches in
Within religious studies and theology, inclusivism is the belief that, although only one belief system is true, aspects of its truth can be found in other religions. This is contrasted from religious pluralism, which asserts that all beliefs are equally valid within a believer's particular context.[1]
Broadly speaking, there are two schools of Inclusivist thought:
- Relativistic inclusivism, which asserts that the believer's own views are true only in their particular context, and believers of other traditions have their own validity.
- Absolutist inclusivism, which asserts that an unknown set of assertions are Absolutely True, that no human being currently living has yet ascertained absolute truth, but that all human beings have partially ascertained absolute truth.
Religious inclusivism
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Ancient Greece
Interpretatio graeca was the tendency of ancient Greek writers to equate foreign divinities to members of their own pantheon. Herodotus, for example, refers to the ancient Egyptian gods Amon, Osiris, and Ptah as "Zeus," "Dionysus," and "Hephaestus." This could be seen an example of inclusivism, as could syncretism.
Hinduism
A well-known
Christianity
Inclusive Christianity, also called inclusive theology,[2] is an interpretation of the Bible that maintains that God desires and has the power to save individuals irrespective of the tradition in which they are born.[3][4] Some Christians who hold to inclusive theology make a distinction between Christians and believers. These Christians maintain that all Christians are believers, however, not all believers are Christians. In this line of thought, Christians are believers in Jesus Christ, but not all believers trust in Christ. Inclusive theology is rooted in a larger growing movement called "interfaith"[5] which aims to create unity among various religions. The inclusive interpretation is a minority view, and is considered by many clergy not to be in line with the official doctrine of Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches, as well as many of the largest Protestant denominations.
Christian supporters of inclusivism include
Some
Although these inclusive interpretations of the Bible as they are believed to be understood by many inclusive Christians state, that God – partially – can be experienced and found in other religions and/or disciplines such as science for example, they still normally mention that – at the same time – to fully experience the deepest and most intimate relationship with God it would be crucially necessary to find and unite with the reality and person of Jesus and therefore not only with the reality of the Universal Christ. At the same time, it is stated, that to fully be in relationship with God it also would be necessary to accept the inclusive and universal nature of the Christ and of God as a whole and therefore not only the relationship to a as internally concentrated believed and experienced Jesus.[16]
The doctrine of inclusivism is held by
An alternative use for the term "inclusive theology"[20] has to do with a movement called feminist theology which aims to include more women into religious clergy roles that has been historically unavailable to women.
Out of an inclusivistic / inclusive theological attitude believed in a faith-community can grow corresponding religious / spiritual / ecclesiastical / interdisciplinary institutions. Examples of this are the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, the Pontifical Council for Culture or the Pontificial Council for Interreligious Dialogue. In all of these institutions of the Catholic Church the relationships to these other disciplines and religions are fostered because of the basic inclusivistic / inclusive theological understanding of the Bible. [21]
Baháʼí Faith
Shoghi Effendi, the head of the Baháʼí Faith in the first half of the 20th century, stated:
The fundamental principle enunciated by
Bahá'u'lláh, the followers of His Faith firmly believe, is that religious truth is not absolute but relative, that Divine Revelation is a continuous and progressive process, that all the great religions of the world are divine in origin, that their basic principles are in complete harmony, that their aims and purposes are one and the same, that their teachings are but facets of one truth, that their functions are complementary, that they differ only in the nonessential aspects of their doctrines, and that their missions represent successive stages in the spiritual evolution of human society.[22][23]
See also
References
- ^ Marbaniang, Domenic (January 2007). "Theology of Religion: Pluralism, Inclusivism, Exclusivism". ResearchGate. Bangalore, India: ACTS Academy of Higher Education. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
- ^ Queen, Chuck. "The Need for an Inclusive Faith". Progressive Christianity. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
- ^ Coppel, Paula. "Inclusive Christianity". Unity. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
- ^ Williams, Thomas D. "Inclusive Christianity". Retrieved 28 February 2019.
- ^ "Interfaith". Retrieved 28 February 2019.
- OCLC 878559610.
- ^ Lewis, 1967, Mere Christianity, New York: Macmillan, 65.
- ^ John Sanders, 1992, No Other Name: An Investigation into the Destiny of the Unevangelized, Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 251–57.
- ^ Wesley, 1986, "On Faith" in The Works of John Wesley, 3rd ed. volume 7, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 197.
- ^ John Sanders, 1992,No Other Name: An Investigation into the Destiny of the Unevangelized, Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 249–51.
- ^ Clark Pinnock, 1992, A Wideness in God's Mercy: The Finality of Jesus Christ in a World of Religions, Grand Rapids: Zondervan.
- ^ "I Can't Play God Anymore" interview with James M. Beam, McCall's Magazine, January 1978, pp. 154–58
- ^ a b Dr. J. V. Fesko: Die Schöpfung bezeugt den Schöpfer: Die klassisch-reformierte Theologie und die Verteidigung des Glaubens. In: evangelium21.net 81375 Munich GER. , first published in: Tabletalk Magazin Editon July 2019 Ligonier Ministries.
- ^ Richard Rohr OFM: The Universal Christ: How a Forgotten Reality Can Change Everything We See, Hope For, and Believe. In: A Universal and Personal God, pages 20-22 (eBook-Format) Durnell Wiley first published in 2019, ISBN 978-0-281-07862-2
- ^ Dana M. Pike: The Latter-day Saint Reimaging of “the Breath of Life” (Genesis 2:7) - The Breath of Life” in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. In: https://byustudies.byu.edu/article/the-latter-day-saint-reimaging-of-the-breath-of-life-genesis-27/, last checked 07.27.2023
- ^ Richard Rohr OFM: The Universal Christ: How a Forgotten Reality Can Change Everything We See, Hope For, and Believe. In: A Universal and Personal God, pages 22-23 (eBook-Format) Durnell Wiley first published in 2019, ISBN 978-0-281-07862-2
- ISBN 978-0-253-34688-9. Retrieved 2023-02-17.
- ISBN 978-1-4408-6236-6. Retrieved 2023-02-17.
- ^ "Nostra aetate". Vatican. Archived from the original on 2008-12-20. Retrieved 2014-06-25.
- ^ Randy L. Maddox. "Toward an Inclusive Theology: The Systematic Implications of the Feminist Critique". Retrieved 28 February 2019.
- ^ The Holy See:Statement by Card. Tarcisio Bertone Secretary Of State, last retrieved December 2023, First published September 2006.
- ^ The Faith of Bahá'u'lláh" in World Order, Vol. 7, No. 2 (1972–73)
- ^ "The Faith of Bahá'u'lláh: A World Religion". Bahai. Archived from the original on 2005-02-27. Retrieved 2005-01-30.