Interglacial

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An interglacial period (or alternatively interglacial, interglaciation) is a geological interval of warmer global average temperature lasting thousands of years that separates consecutive glacial periods within an ice age. The current Holocene interglacial began at the end of the Pleistocene, about 11,700 years ago.

During the 2.5 million years of the Pleistocene, numerous glacials, or significant advances of continental ice sheets, in North America and Europe, occurred at intervals of approximately 40,000 to 100,000 years. The long glacial periods were separated by more temperate and shorter interglacials.

During interglacials, such as the present one, the climate warms and the

Interglacials and glacials coincide with cyclic changes in

In the Southern Hemisphere, warmer summers occur when the lower-half of Earth is tilted toward the Sun and the planet is nearest the Sun in its elliptical orbit. Cooler summers occur when Earth is farthest from the Sun during the Southern Hemisphere summer. Such effects are more pronounced when the eccentricity of the orbit is large. When the obliquity is large, seasonal changes are more extreme.^[2]

Interglacials are a useful tool for geological mapping and for anthropologists, as they can be used as a dating method for

• Marine Isotope Stage 13 (524–474 thousand years ago).
• Holstein / Mindel-Riss / Marine Isotope Stage 11
  (424–374 thousand years ago).
• Purfleet Interglacial / Marine Isotope Stage 9
  (337–300 thousand years ago).
• La Bouchet Interglacial / Arousa Interglacial / Aveley Interglacial / Marine Isotope Stage 7e (242–230 thousand years ago). MIS 7a, MIS 7b and MIS 7c may or may not be included. MIS 7d was a cold period dividing the MIS 7 interglacial into two distinct periods. MIS 7e contained the climatic optimum.
• Picea (spruce). During the Eemian Stage (from about 128,000 BCE until 113,000 BCE), sea level was between 5 and 9.4 meters higher than today^[4] and the water temperature of the North Sea
  was about 2 °C higher than at present.
• Atlanticum (9 to 5 ka, which corresponds to roughly 7000 BC–3000 BC). The current climatic phase following this climatic optimum is still within the same interglacial (the Holocene). That warm period was followed by a gradual decline until about 2000 years ago, with another warm period until the Little Ice Age
  (1250–1850).

• Greenhouse and icehouse Earth
• Milankovitch cycles
• Snowball Earth
• Interstadial
  periods
• Last glacial maximum
• Timeline of glaciation