Józef Kowalewski

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Józef Kowalewski (1878)

Józef Kowalewski (

Kazan University, he studied Mongolia, particularly Mongolian language and Tibetan Buddhism. In 1833 he founded the Department of Mongolian Studies at Kazan University - the first in Europe. In the years 1844-1849 he published his major work - a Mongolian - Russian - French dictionary. In 1862 he was allowed to return to Poland (then a part of the Russian Empire); he refused to support the January Uprising and did not oppose Russification of Polish education, for which he became the dean of the Philological and Historical Faculty of the University of Warsaw
.

Early biography

Józef Szczepan Kowalewski was born in the family of a polonized uniate priest Mikhail Yuzefovich, apparently of Belarusian origin.[1] However, in the opinion of E. Tulisov, it does not follow from this that the whole family adhered to the uniate church - Kowalewski himself remained a Roman Catholic until the end of his life. Probably, his mother - Agatha - was of Polish origin.[2] In the family, in addition to Józef, there were three more brothers - Julian, Anthony and Theodosius, and four daughters - Anela, Constance, Teklya and Isabella.[3][4] For a long time, the birthplace of the future orientalist was debatable. The reference books (including Polish publications of the 19th century) usually indicated the village of Vyalikaya Byerastavitsa, Grodno Governorate, on the territory of modern Belarus. However, from the correspondence of Kowalewski it follows that his family lived 40 km from Byerastavitsa, in Lewkowo - in the Polish Podlaskie Voivodeship.[5] By 2018, archival documents were discovered, testifying to the whole uniate church dynasty of the Kowalewski, who by inheritance held the posts of priests in Lewkowo since 1706, while in the Vyalikaya Byerastavitsa church there was another dynasty (in the Commonwealth, the uniate priesthood constituted a closed social stratum, referring to the szlachta). After the Western Belorussian territories entered the Russian Empire, Kowalewski's uncle - Leon - failed to confirm his nobility, and was included in the clergy.[6][4]

Kowalewski's father did not have a large income, but gave his sons a good education at home.

Svisloch was occupied by the Saxon units of Schwarzenberg, looters plundered the gymnasium, and Józef Kowalewski lost his chest along with all his poor property.[10] The “loss” of one or two years is probably due to the fact that Józef served as a home tutor, which was widely practiced.[11] He chose the university as the place of his further stay.[10]

References

  1. ^ Шамов 1983, p. 6.
  2. ^ Валеев, Ермакова & Кульганек 2004, p. 97, Ежи Тулисов, Р. М. Валеев. Основные этапы жизни О. М. Ковалевского: Вильнюс, Казань, Варшава.
  3. ^ Ковалевские чтения 2018, p. 35, В. Ю. Жуков, И. В. Кульганек. Монголовед О. М. Ковалевский и его родные: биографический этюд.
  4. ^ a b Румак 2018, p. 1307.
  5. ^ Валеев, Ермакова & Кульганек 2004, p. 96, Ежи Тулисов, Р. М. Валеев. Основные этапы жизни О. М. Ковалевского: Вильнюс, Казань, Варшава.
  6. ^ Ковалевские чтения 2018, p. 25—26, Гмир С. С. В поисках малой родины О. М. Ковалевского (1800/1801 — 1878) (по материалам его священнического рода из церковных архивов).
  7. ^ Kotwicz 1948, p. 18.
  8. ^ a b Румак 2018, p. 1308.
  9. ^ a b Kotwicz 1948, p. 22.
  10. ^ a b Kotwicz 1948, p. 19.
  11. ^ Румак 2018, pp. 1310–1311.

Bibliography

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