Jahanara Imam

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Jahanara Imam
জাহানারা ইমাম
British Indian
(1929-1947)
Bangladeshi(1971-1994)
EducationMA
Alma materUniversity of Dhaka
University of San Diego
Spouse
​
(m. 1948⁠–⁠1971)​
ChildrenShafi Imam Rumi (son)
Saif Imam Jami (son)
Parents
  • Syed Abdul Ali (father)
  • Hamida Ali (mother)

Jahanara Imam (3 May 1929 – 26 June 1994) was a Bangladeshi writer and political activist.[1] She is known for her efforts to bring those accused of committing war crimes in the Bangladesh Liberation War to trial. She has been called "Shaheed Janani" (Mother of Martyrs).[2]

Biography

Imam in 1957

Imam was born on 3 May 1929 in

Bengal Civil Service. She lived in many different parts of Bengal – wherever her father was posted. Her mother was Hamida Ali. At that time there was a lot of social pressure against Muslim women pursuing further studies, but Hamida was determined that Jahanara's education would not be constrained.[citation needed
]

After finishing her studies in 1945 in

Vidyamoyee Govt. Girls High School.[6]

In 1948, she married Shariful Alam Imam Ahmed, a civil engineer, whom she met in Rangpur while studying at Carmichael College.[6] They settled in Dhaka and she joined Siddheswari Girls School as Head Mistress. She was instrumental in transforming the school one of the top girls' schools in Dhaka.[5]

She was the first editor of the monthly women's magazine called "Khawateen".[5] It started its publication in 1951 and she ran it successfully for several years. In 1960, Imam gave up her job as the head mistress to concentrate on bringing up her two sons Rumi and Jami born in 1951 and 1954 respectively. She said to herself "I have given education to thousands of school children, now I should spend some time to bring up my own children".

During this time Imam finished her master's degree in Bengali language and literature and a bachelor's degree in education from the University of Dhaka in 1962 and 1963 respectively. After that she went back to full-time teaching. From 1966 to 1968 she worked as a lecturer in the Teacher's Training College in Dhaka. From 1970 she also taught for several years on a part-time basis in the Institute of Modern Language at the University of Dhaka.

Imam spent a significant part of her life in education. She visited the US in 1964–65 as a

Fulbright Scholar to University of San Diego and again in 1977 under the International Visitor Program at the invitation of US Government.[5]

1971 Liberation War

In 1971, following the Pakistan army crackdown on 25 March, the Bangladesh Liberation War broke out. Many joined the liberation struggle, including Jahanara's elder son Shafi Imam Rumi, who joined the Mukti Bahini, the guerrilla resistance movement. During the war, she wrote a diary on her feelings about the struggle. This later became one of the most important publications about the War of Liberation.

Rumi took part in many actions against Pakistan army. Unfortunately, he was to be picked up by the Pakistani army, never to be seen again. Jahanara's husband and her younger son Jami along with other male members of the family were also picked up for interrogation and were tortured. Her husband Sharif Imam returned home a broken man only to die three days before Bangladesh became free on 16 December 1971[7][8]

Literary career

Imam in 1960

After Bangladesh achieved independence, Imam started her literary career. During this time she also travelled extensively to Europe, USA and Canada. In 1986 she published her wartime diary

Ekatturer Dinguli (The days of Seventy One).[6] Imam's diary, in some respect like that of Anne Frank, was a very personal account of tragedy. Her simple style of writing touched many hearts, particularly those of the families who had lost members during the war.[6] Early in her career, Jahanara Imam also translated several books from English into Bengali, including some of the popular "Little House" books by Laura Ingalls Wilder
.

Committee for Eradicating the Killers and Collaborators of '71

As the ruler of Bangladesh, President

Rajakar; and members of which had committed war crimes against civilians.[10][11]

Bangladesh Nationalist party.[14] This charge was, however, dropped in 1996 after her death by the Chief Advisor Mohammed Habibur Rahman of the Caretaker government.[14] However, Bangladeshi writer and filmmaker Humayun Ahmed, disagrees that she was charged and commented that her movement was part of a "stage-managed game."[15]

Death and legacy

In 1981, Imam was diagnosed with mouth cancer, and operations caused her to have difficulty speaking, she continued to write and continued her involvement with the freedom fighters. She died on 26 June 1994 in Michigan, U.S.[3] She was later buried in Dhaka.

Grave of Jahanara Imam in Martyred Intellectuals Graveyard, Mirpur

Her death anniversary is observed in Bangladesh.

Syeda Ashifa Ashrafi has criticised Imam.[17] Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed was found guilty over the murder of her son in Bangladesh Liberation war by International Crimes Tribunal.[18] Nuran Nabi wrote a book on her titled "the last days of Jahanara Imam in America".[19]

Awards

Literary works

  • Anya Jiban (1985) (Other life)
  • Ekattorer Dingulee (1986) (The days of 1971)[6]
  • Birshrestha (1985) (The Bravest)[1]
  • Jiban Mrityu (1988) (Life and death)[1]
  • Chirayata Sahitya (1989)[1]
  • Buker Bhitare Agun (1990) (Fire in my heart)[1]
  • Nataker Abasan (1990) (End of drama)[1]
  • Dui Meru (1990) (Two poles)[1]
  • Nihsabga Pine (1990)[1]
  • )[1]
  • r)[1]
  • )[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Islam, Sirajul (2012). "Imam, Jahanara". In Islam, Sirajul; Kabir, Ahmad (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  2. ^ "Portrait of Shaheed Janani Jahanara Imam". The Daily Star. 14 February 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
  3. ^ a b "Jahanara Imam's 20th death anniversary today". Dhaka Tribune. 26 June 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
  4. ^ "Jahanara Imam's death anniversary on Wednesday". The Dhaka Tribune. 26 June 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
  5. ^ a b c d e Rahman, Osama (10 December 2013). "Revisiting the Revolution". The Daily Star. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
  6. ^ a b c d e Hensher, Philip (1 March 2013). "Bangladesh's bestseller about its brutal birth". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
  7. ^ Karmakar, Prasanta (30 October 2009). মুক্তিযুদ্ধের নিভৃত এক সহযাত্রী. Prothom-Alo (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  8. ^ "Jahanara Imam: An Unstoppable, Uniting Force". The Daily Star. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
  9. ^ "Another step towards justice". The Daily Star. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
  10. ^ Tithi, Naznin. "Gano Adalot". The Daily Star. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
  11. ISBN 9780231512558
    .
  12. ^ "Return of that famous letter". The Daily Star. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
  13. ^ "Jahanara Imam's death anniversary today". New Age. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
  14. ^ a b Khan, Tamanna (18 July 2013). "They now can rest in peace". The Daily Star. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
  15. ^ Bashar, Reazul; Ahmed, Mustak (20 July 2008). "Humayun Ahmed draws flak from literati". Bangladesh News 24. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
  16. ^ "19th death anniversary of Jahanara Imam observed". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
  17. ^ "Derogatory comment on Jahanara Imam". bdnews24.com. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
  18. ^ "They now can rest in peace". The Daily Star. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
  19. ^ "Hope people will give a befitting reply". The Daily Star. Retrieved 8 March 2016.

External links

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