Jean-Marie Perrot

The

Catholic movement Bleun-Brug

Early life

Perrot was raised in a provincial Breton-speaking family. After studying at the

Quimper Seminary. He became vicar of Saint-Vougay in 1904, where he undertook the patronage of Paotred Sant-Nouga, where he formed study circles, a choir, and a theatre troupe for the local youth. He is the uncle of Louis Lalouer

.

Activism for the Breton language

Perrot founded Bleun-Brug (Heather Flower) in 1905, which soon absorbed the magazine Feiz ha Breiz (Faith and Brittany), which he edited after 1911. The aims of the organisation were:

to promote the Breton ideal in all three intellectual, political and economic arenas.
to contribute, as Catholics, to the return of Brittany to the full exercise of its traditional faith.

He was named vicar of Saint-Thégonnec in March 1914. On the outbreak of war he was called up at

Emsav

, the Breton nationalist movement.

In 1920, he was named vicar of Plouguerneau. In 1922 Yves Floc'h, the future painter worked as his parson. Perrot patronised Michel Le Noblez and organised theatrical performances. Yves Floc'h painted the scenery for a play, and his gifts were noticed by the vicar. From 1932, Perrot's secretary was Herry Caouissin.

Perrot wrote countless articles and plays expressing his ideology, most notably in Feiz ha Breiz.

He was initially stationed in a conservative Saint-Vougay parish, but was transferred to the more leftist area of Scrignac in 1930 by the episcopal hierarchy, who disliked his political activities. On 8 July 1941 he became part of the group of writers who adopted a unified orthography of the Breton language.

World War II

With the outbreak of war, hostility towards Perrot in Scrignac grew, as he was suspected of pro-German sympathies.

On 16 October 1939 telegraphic lines in the region of

Gendarmie

of Quimper, the abbé dropped his accusation of defamation.

During the war, he continued to produce Feiz ha Breiz. Braving the ban by

Jean V of Brittany. In October 1942, he was named a member of the Comité Consultatif de Bretagne (CCB), a non-elected council put in place by Regional Prefect Jean Quénette

to put forward proposals relating to Breton language and culture.

In July 1941, Perrot took part in the German-sponsored effort to unify the writing of Breton.

Perrot sympathised strongly with the collaborationist

Bagadou Stourm, Breton nationalist stormtroopers allied to the Nazis, who had stopped at Scrignac. He was hospitable toward the Bagadou Stourm Youth, who were most active around Finistère, where leaders such as Yann Goulet and L'Haridon

had been arrested by the French police but released by the Germans.

Assassination

On 12 December 1943, aged 66, the abbé was killed by Jean Thépaut, a member of the French Communist Party, after a series of denunciations of Perrot for alleged collaborationist activity.

Exploitation of memory

After Perrot's death, the collaborator Célestin Lainé recruited about sixty men whom he organised under the name Bezen Kadoudal. Ael Péresse, second in command to Laîné, suggested naming the group after Perrot and so it became Bezen Perrot instead.

Legacy

Abbé Perrot was laid to rest at the chapel of Coat-Quéau, in Scrignac. His memory is often celebrated on Easter Monday. His role of has been the source of much controversy about "the "Breton cause", notably between Ronan Caouissin and the director of the theatre troupe Ar Vro Bagan.

National Front"), Roland de la Morinière, and Loig Kervoaz, all members of Adsav. The current president and chaplain are Yann Sanseau and abbot Blanchard

.

Citations

Yvon Tranvouez, in Bretagne et identités régionales pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale asserts that

The abbé Perrot was one of the "new crusaders" (...) who, out of phobia of communism, were forced to admit the logic of collaborating with the
Catholic anti-communism, rigid and uncompromising. At the heart of Léon, there was probably nothing for him to lose: at Scrignac, it was suicidal.^[1]

Abbot Henri Poisson said in his book:

The assassination of abbé Jean-Marie Perrot, on 12 December 1943, well-known, and to whom one could not reproach but his ardent loyalty to Brittany, constituted a hateful crime and cannot be explained by the regime of anarchy and totalitarianism which marked this period.^[2]

Francis Gourvil in 1990:

Abbé Perrot was well-known for his ties with the Breiz Atao who themselves... from there jumping to the conclusion that he was responsible of the second arrest of D. is not far-stretched... In fact, the abbot, ever kind, was incapable of harming even a political enemy. Unfortunately, he had close friends, you know who I'm thinking of, to whom he might have mentioned the matter in question, quite innocently, and this, added to other facts (...) everything was transmitted to Quimper and recorded, systematically, by the one who centralised information of interest for the Gestapo in this town. The local resistance in Scrignac, was probably informed of the mention of D. on this list. After which, poor rector "paid with his life" a denunciation which he had not made himself.^[3]

Publications

Alanik al Louarn. Pe "n'euz den fin n'en deuz e goulz". Pez c'hoari plijadurus rimet e daou Arvest, Brest, Moullerez "Ar c'hourrier", 1905
Buez ar zent, Ar Gwaziou, Morlaix, 1911
R. G. Berry, Eun nozveziad reo gwenn Translation from Welsh to Breton by Geraint Dyfnallt Owen and Jean-Marie Perrot of Noson o Farrug (One frosty night), (Plougerne, 1928). [Drama] Performed by Bleun-Brug theatre company inLesneven 1928. http://bibliotheque.idbe-bzh.org/document.php?id=eun-nozveziad-reo-gwenn-18682&l=fr
Special 30th anniversary edition 1936 of Ouvres Bretonnes: http://bibliotheque.idbe-bzh.org/data/cle_52/Bulletin_de_lUnion_des_Oeuvres_Bretonnes_1936_nA78_.pdf

References

^ * "...l'abbé Perrot fait partie de ces 'nouveaux croisés' (...) qui, par phobie du communisme, ont été conduits à admettre la logique de la collaboration avec l'Allemagne, conçue conjoncturellement comme un moindre mal. Ce n'est donc pas, me semble-t-il, son nationalisme breton qui l'a conduit à cette extrémité et à ses conséquences fatales, mais plutôt son anticommunisme catholique, rigide et intransigeant. Au cœur du Léon, il ne lui en eût vraisemblablement rien coûté : à Scrignac, c'était suicidaire."
^ "L'assassinat de l’abbé Jean-Marie Perrot, le 12 décembre 1943, plus connu, et à qui on ne pouvait reprocher que son ardente fidélité à la Bretagne, constitue un crime odieux et ne peut s’expliquer que par le régime d’anarchie et de totalitarisme qui fût la marque de cette période."
^ "L'abbé Perrot était bien connu pour ses attaches avec les Breiz Atao qui eux-mêmes... De là à en conclure, après la seconde arrestation de D., qu'il en portait la responsabilité, il n'y avait pas loin... En réalité, l'abbé, la bonté même, était bien incapable de nuire, même à un ennemi politique. Malheureusement, il avait des familiers, que vous connaissez aussi bien que moi et auquels, fort innocemment, il avait dû rapporter le fait incriminé, lequel fut joint à d'autres fait (...) le tout fut transmis à Quimper et enregistré, dans l'ordre, par celui qui, dans cette ville, centralisait les renseignements susceptibles d'interesser à quelque titre la Gestapo. La Résistance locale, à Scrignac, fut sans doute mise au courant du passage concernant D. dans cette liste. À la suite de quoi, le pauvre recteur 'paya de sa vie' une dénonciation dont il n'était pas l'auteur"

[1] * "...l'abbé Perrot fait partie de ces 'nouveaux croisés' (...) qui, par phobie du communisme, ont été conduits à admettre la logique de la collaboration avec l'Allemagne, conçue conjoncturellement comme un moindre mal. Ce n'est donc pas, me semble-t-il, son nationalisme breton qui l'a conduit à cette extrémité et à ses conséquences fatales, mais plutôt son anticommunisme catholique, rigide et intransigeant. Au cœur du Léon, il ne lui en eût vraisemblablement rien coûté : à Scrignac, c'était suicidaire."

[2] "L'assassinat de l’abbé Jean-Marie Perrot, le 12 décembre 1943, plus connu, et à qui on ne pouvait reprocher que son ardente fidélité à la Bretagne, constitue un crime odieux et ne peut s’expliquer que par le régime d’anarchie et de totalitarisme qui fût la marque de cette période."

[3] "L'abbé Perrot était bien connu pour ses attaches avec les Breiz Atao qui eux-mêmes... De là à en conclure, après la seconde arrestation de D., qu'il en portait la responsabilité, il n'y avait pas loin... En réalité, l'abbé, la bonté même, était bien incapable de nuire, même à un ennemi politique. Malheureusement, il avait des familiers, que vous connaissez aussi bien que moi et auquels, fort innocemment, il avait dû rapporter le fait incriminé, lequel fut joint à d'autres fait (...) le tout fut transmis à Quimper et enregistré, dans l'ordre, par celui qui, dans cette ville, centralisait les renseignements susceptibles d'interesser à quelque titre la Gestapo. La Résistance locale, à Scrignac, fut sans doute mise au courant du passage concernant D. dans cette liste. À la suite de quoi, le pauvre recteur 'paya de sa vie' une dénonciation dont il n'était pas l'auteur"

[1]

[2]

[3]

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