Jeong Mong-ju
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Jeong Mong-ju | |
Korean name | |
---|---|
Hangul | 정몽주 |
Hanja | 鄭夢周 |
Revised Romanization | Jeong Mong-ju |
McCune–Reischauer | Chŏng Mong-ju |
Art name | |
Hangul | 포은 |
Hanja | 圃隱 |
Revised Romanization | Poeun |
McCune–Reischauer | P'oŭn |
Jeong Mong-ju (Korean: 정몽주, January 13, 1338 – April 26, 1392[1]), also known by his pen name Poeun (포은), was a Korean calligrapher, diplomat, philosopher, poet, and revolutionary. He was a major figure of opposition to the transition from the Goryeo (918-1392) dynasty to the Joseon dynasty (1392-1897).
He was the last great figure of Goryeo in the late Goryeo period, and was exceptional in all aspects of academics, diplomacy, economics, military, and politics. He tried to reform Goryeo while maintaining the declining kingdom. He was opposed to
Biography
Jeong Mong-ju was born in
In 1372, Jeong Mong-ju was sent as a diplomatic envoy to the
After a banquet held for him, Jeong Mong-ju was assassinated in 1392 by five men on the
The 474-year-old Goryeo Dynasty symbolically ended with Jeong Mong-ju's death and was followed by the
The 11th pattern of ITF Taekwondo is named after Poeun. The pattern is performed as part of the testing syllabus for the level of 2nd-degree black belt. The diagram ( - ) represents Jeong Mong-ju's unerring loyalty to his king and his country towards the end of the Goryeo Dynasty.
The poems
이런들 어떠하리 저런들 어떠하리 此亦何如彼亦何如。 (차역하여피역하여)
만수산 드렁칡이 얽어진들 어떠하리 城隍堂後垣頹落亦何如。 (성황당후원퇴락역하여)
우리도 이같이 얽어져 백년까지 누리리라 我輩若此爲不死亦何如。 (아배약차위불사역하여)
(Based on the Hanja)
What shall it be: this or that?
The walls behind the temple of the city's deity* has fallen - shall it be this?
Or if we survive together nonetheless - shall it be that?
(* Yi Bang-won is declaring the death of the era - the Goryeo Dynasty.)
Jeong Mong-ju's sijo (poem) - Dansimga (단심가; 丹心歌)
이몸이 죽고 죽어 일백 번 고쳐 죽어 此身死了死了一百番更死了。 (차신사료사료일백번갱사료)
백골이 진토되어 넋이라도 있고 없고 白骨爲塵土魂魄有也無。 (백골위진토혼백유무야)
임 향한 일편 단심이야 가실 줄이 있으랴 向主一片丹心寧有改理也歟。 (향주일편단심유개리여)
Though I die and die again a hundred times,
That my bones turn to dust, whether my soul remains or not,
Ever loyal to my Lord, how can this red heart ever fade away?
Books
- Poeun Jip (포은집; 圃隱集)
- Poeun Sigo (포은시고; 圃隱詩藁)
Family
- Father
- Jeong Woon-gwan (정운관; 鄭云瓘; ? – 1355)
- Mother
- Grand Princess Consort Byeon of the Yeongcheon Lee clan (변한국대부인 영천 이씨)
- Siblings
- Younger brother - Jeong Gwa (정과; 鄭過; ? – 1392)
- Younger brother - Jeong Hu (정후; 鄭厚)
- Younger brother - Jeong Do (정도; 鄭蹈)
- Wife and children
- Princess Gyeongsun of the Gyeongju Yi clan (경순택주 경주 이씨; 敬順宅主 慶州 李氏; ? – 12 December 1392)
- Son - Jeong Jong-seong (정종성; 鄭宗誠; 1374–1442)
- Son - Jeong Jong-bun (정종본; 鄭宗本; 1377–1443)
- Princess Gyeongsun of the Gyeongju Yi clan (경순택주 경주 이씨; 敬順宅主 慶州 李氏; ? – 12 December 1392)
- Unnamed concubine
- Son - Jeong Jong-hwa (정종화)
In popular culture
- Portrayed by Hong Gye-il in the 1983 MBC TV series The King of Chudong Palace.
- Portrayed by Park Joon-hyuk in the 2012–2013 SBS TV series The Great Seer.
- Portrayed by KBS1 TV series Jeong Do-jeon.
- Portrayed by Kim Eui-sung in the 2015 SBS TV series Six Flying Dragons.
- Portrayed by KBS1 TV series The King of Tears, Lee Bang-won.
See also
Notes
- ^ In lunar calendar, Jeong was born on 22 December 1337 and died on 4 April 1392
- ^ a b 정몽주 鄭夢周 Archived 2011-06-10 at the Wayback Machine (in Korean) Nate / Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
- ^ Titsingh, (1834). p. 313.
- ^ Ōta, Kōki, Wakō: nihon afure katsudōshi (Bungeisha, 2004), p. 98 (太田弘毅『倭寇: 日本あふれ活動史』.) (in Japanese)
- ^ Kang, p. 159.
- ^ Peterson, Mark (April 2023). "Lessons from Jeong Mong-ju". Retrieved 27 August 2023.
- ^ "정몽주 선생 묘". terms.naver.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2021-06-08.
References
- Kang, Jae-eun; Lee, Suzanne (translator). (2006). The Land of Scholars: Two Thousand Years of Korean Confucianism. Paramus, New Jersey: Homa & Sekey Books.
- Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 84067437