John Sackville, 3rd Duke of Dorset

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Lord Steward of the Household
In office
1789–1799
Prime MinisterThe Earl of Shelburne
Preceded byThe Duke of Chandos
Succeeded byThe Earl of Leicester
Personal details
Born24 March 1745
Died19 July 1799 (aged 54)
Spouse
Arabella Cope
(m. 1790)
Children3, including George
Parent(s)Lord John Sackville
Lady Frances Leveson-Gower
Coat of arms of John Frederick Sackville, 3rd Duke of Dorset, KG

John Frederick Sackville, 3rd Duke of Dorset,

British Ambassador to France from 1784 and returned to England in August 1789 following the escalation of the French Revolution
.

Dorset is remembered for his love of

. He also acquired a reputation as a womaniser.

Politics

Dorset was returned unopposed as the

]

Cricket

Sackville was schooled at

Sir Horatio Mann, a Carthusian, and Lord Tankerville of Eton and Surrey, who was his keenest rival.[citation needed
]

Dorset gained a reputation as a keen competitor. The

Morning Post in 1773 wrote: "The Duke...having run a considerable number of notches from off strokes, the opposing fielders very unpolitely swarmed round his bat so close as to impede his making a full stroke; his Grace gently expostulated with them on this unfair mode, and pointed out their danger, which having no effect, he, with proper spirit made full play at a ball and in so doing brought one of the gentlemen to the ground".[3][page needed
]

In the same year, Dorset presented the

1734 season when "The Gentlemen of Kent" beat "The Gentlemen of Sussex". Sevenoaks Town Council still has the Vine Cricket Club, though the rent doubled to two peppercorns after the pavilion was built in the 19th century. They must also pay the Lord Sackville (if asked) one cricket ball on 21 July each year.[citation needed
]

In 1775, a full-scale riot broke out at the

Morning Chronicle noted that "His Grace is one of the few noblemen who endeavour to combine the elegance of modern luxury with the more manly sports of the old English times".[citation needed
]

Dorset's patronage of cricket was expensive – the Whitehall Evening Post in 1783 noted that the cost to Dorset of maintaining his team, before bets, was £1,000 a year. This was a lot, but less than the amounts some of his contemporaries were spending on racing. The report went on to say that Dorset was unrivalled (among noblemen) "at cricket, tennis and billiards".[4][page needed]

After Dorset became the British ambassador to France, he reportedly tried to promote cricket there amongst the locals and British expatriates with

Champs-Elysées: "His Grace of Dorset was, as usual, the most distinguished for skill and activity. The French, however, cannot imitate us in such vigorous exertions of the body, so that we seldom see them enter the lists".[citation needed
]

British ambassador to France

In 1784, Dorset moved to Paris to serve as British ambassador to France. His official role was Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.[5][6]

On 16 July 1789, two days after the

Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Francis Osborne, 5th Duke of Leeds: "Thus, my Lord, the greatest revolution that we know anything of has been effected with, comparatively speaking—if the magnitude of the event is considered—the loss of very few lives. From this moment we may consider France as a free country, the King a very limited monarch, and the nobility as reduced to a level with the rest of the nation".[7]

There is no official record of Dorset's recall but he is known to have been in Paris from the beginning of 1789 until 8 August that year when he left on leave and returned to England.[6] He did not return to France and was temporarily replaced by his Embassy Secretary, Lord Robert Stephen FitzGerald (1765–1833; son of James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster), as Minister Plenipotentiary. New credentials were delivered by Dorset's official successor, Earl Gower, on 20 June 1790. Dorset's credentials were terminated on 29 June 1790.[6]

There is a story that, as the revolution began, Dorset was planning what might have become the first international cricket tour by forming an England team to play matches in France.[8] His team, said to have been captained by William Yalden, reportedly assembled at Dover on 10 August but met the Duke coming the other way and the tour was cancelled.[9][10] According to John Major in More Than A Game, "the whole story is nonsense".[11] Dorset had written to Leeds on 16 July and had already warned other British residents to leave Paris so, as Major points out, he would hardly have invited a cricket team to come to France at the time of such a crisis.[12]

Back in England, Dorset's public life continued in the post of

Steward of the Royal Household.[13]

Personal life

Dorset was a notorious womaniser. He had an affair with Anne Parsons, the influential mistress of the Prime Minister, who had divorced his own wife for adultery and planned to marry Parsons until he discovered her infidelity with Dorset.[14][15]

Anne Parsons was about to be the First Minister's wife until she met Dorset

Dorset's best-known and most enduring mistress was the Venetian ballerina

Knole. When made Ambassador to France, Dorset even took her to Paris with him, and she danced at the Opera by invitation. (When he was made Knight of the Garter (KG), she wore the blue ribbon of the Garter while dancing.)[17] Dorset and Giovanna had a son together: John Frederick Sackville (1778–1796), who was raised by his father at Paris and Knole after the couple parted in 1789.[18][19]

The Duke was also known for his affair (c. 1777–1779) with the

Elizabeth Gunning.[20] However, the Earl of Derby refused to divorce his errant wife. This meant that Lady Derby was ostracized for the remainder of her life,[21] and Dorset soon lost interest and abandoned his lover. He was received back into society, and even received by his former mistress's betrayed husband Lord Derby.[citation needed
]

Marriage and descendants

Knole House, near Sevenoaks, Kent
Arabella, Duchess of Dorset by John Hoppner, 1790

In 1790, after returning from France, Dorset married twenty-three-year-old Arabella Diana Cope (1767–1825), daughter and co-heiress of Sir Charles Cope, 2nd Baronet, and stepdaughter of Charles Jenkinson, 1st Earl of Liverpool.[22] Dorset and Arabella had one son together, George John Frederick, who was born on 15 November 1793, and two daughters, Lady Mary Sackville, born on 30 July 1792, and Lady Elizabeth Sackville, born on 11 August 1795. The Duke died in 1799, aged 54, and left a life interest in his estates and free disposition thereof (in case of the death of their young son) to his wife. At his death, Arabella was thus a very wealthy heiress and from 1799 until her own death in 1825, Arabella, Duchess of Dorset (as she preferred to be known) controlled the Sackville estates and wealth in trust for their son. She remarried his friend, Charles Whitworth, in 1801, who became 1st Earl Whitworth, but had no further issue.

George John Frederick became the 4th Duke of Dorset on his father's death at the family seat,

Buckhurst
and the Middlesex lands (of the Cranfield family) to her younger daughter Elizabeth, Countess De La Warr.

Buckhurst House, Sussex (originally named Stoneland)

Lady Mary Sackville had married firstly Other Windsor, 6th Earl of Plymouth (1789–1833) on 5 August 1811 and secondly her first husband's stepfather William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst on 25 May 1839. She died childless on 20 July 1864, leaving her estates to her sister Countess De La Warr and her heirs male.

The Countess De La Ware was created Baroness Buckhurst in her own right (a title later inherited by a younger son Reginald who is ancestor of the present Earl De La Warr). Another line stemming from this lady is that of the

National Trust
.

References

  1. ^ The Register of Births & Baptisms in the Parish of St James within the Liberty of Westminster Vol. IV. 1741-1760. 24 April 1745.
  2. ^ "Sackville, John Frederick (1745–1799)". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
  3. ^ G. B. Buckley, Fresh Light on 18th Century Cricket, Cotterell, 1935.
  4. ^ G. B. Buckley, Fresh Light on Pre-Victorian Cricket, Cotterell, 1937.
  5. ^ Horn, D. B. (1934). British Diplomatic Representatives (1689–1789). Camden Third Series, Volume 46. London: Royal Historical Society. p. 26.
  6. ^ a b c Bindoff, S. T.; Smith, E. F. Malcolm; Webster, C. K. (1934). "British Diplomatic Representatives (1789–1852)". Camden Third Series, Volume 50. London: Royal Historical Society. pp. 47–48.
  7. ^ Alger, John Goldworth. "Chapter II. At the Embassy". Englishmen in the French Revolution/Chapter II. Wikisource. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  8. ^ Goulstone, John; Swanton, Michael (8 August 1989). "Carry on Cricket – The Duke of Dorset's 1789 Tour". History Today. Vol. 39, no. 8. London: History Today Ltd. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  9. ^ Keating, Frank (3 December 2001). "A pre-tour wrangle with India is par for the course". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  10. ^ "Lot 491: The first printing of the 1788 MCC Laws of Cricket in an English newspaper". London: Bonhams. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  11. .
  12. ^ Major, p. 87.
  13. ^ "The household below stairs: Lord Steward 1660–1837". Institute of Historical Research. 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  14. ^ Peter Durrant, 'FitzRoy, Augustus Henry, third duke of Grafton (1735–1811)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2008 accessed 14 Feb 2017
  15. ^ A. A. Hanham, 'Parsons, Anne [Nancy] married name Anne Maynard, Viscountess Maynard] (c.1735–1814/15)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, May 2005 accessed 14 Feb 2017
  16. ^ Giovanna Baccelli (1753-1801): Born Giovanna Francesca Antonia Giuseppe Zanerini. a.k.a. La Baccelli, Jannette.
  17. ^ Jeremy Black. British Diplomats and Diplomacy: 1688-1800 University of Exeter Press, 2001, p. 107
  18. ^ Sackville-West, Robert (2010) Inheritance: The Story of Knole and the Sackvilles. Walker & Co., New York.
  19. ^ This illegitimate son himself fathered an illegitimate son Sackville Sackville who died without issue. Giovanna herself had a relationship with Henry Herbert, 10th Earl of Pembroke (died 1794) until his death, and finally with a Mr James Carey, with whom she remained until her death in 1801. This French blog claims that she married Carey, and that Dorset made her an annuity of 400 pounds.
  20. a son and heir
    (born 1775) and a daughter Charlotte (c. 1776–1805). By 1777, Dorset had returned from the Continent and the relationship was revived via Lady Derby's participation in the first women's cricket match. At this time, the Earl of Derby began courting the beautiful actress
    Knole
    . By 1779, Dorset and the pregnant Lady Derby eloped.
  21. Lord Holland
    . However, fashionable men and a few ladies still visited Holland House.
  22. ^ By his first marriage in 1769 to the Anglo-Indian heiress Amelia Watts, he was father of the Prime Minister Lord Liverpool. Her half-brother Charles Jenkinson, 3rd Earl of Liverpool (1784–1851) is the ancestor via his daughter Lady Selina Foljambe and her eldest son of the present Earl of Liverpool

External links

Political offices
Preceded by Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard
1782–1783
Succeeded by
The Earl of Cholmondeley
Preceded by Lord Steward
1789–1799
Succeeded by
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by
British Ambassador to France

1783–1789
Succeeded by
Earl Gower
Honorary titles
Preceded by Lord Lieutenant of Kent
1769–1797
Succeeded by
Peerage of Great Britain
Preceded by Duke of Dorset
1769–1799
Succeeded by