Juliusz Karol Kunitzer
Juliusz Karol Kunitzer (
Kunitzer was a polarizing personality and career. Known among Łódź's elites as a shrewd businessman, "cotton king" who became a tycoon due to his personal skills and luck, respected for this and his philanthropy and other public initiatives, for others – particularly radicals and socialists, he was a vicious exploiter of workers and a leader of anti-labor industrialists.[1]
Biography
Kunitzer was born on 19 September 1843 in
He came to
Kunitzer was also involved in setting up an
He was hated by the workers in Łódż, due to his particularly vicious treatment of employees in his factories, and due to fact that he remained in close contact and cooperated with Russian authorities[5] Kunitzer often denied his workers their salaries in order to "teach them reason" which threatened them with hunger; such threat was also used to break down strike at his factory.[6] Workers in his factory faced financial fines and payments[7] In 1886 report by Russian authorities pointed out that Kunitzer's factory which employed 860 workers, had no first aid room where a doctor could help or examine an injured worker.[8] Kunitzer's factories were also among two with lowest wages in Łódż and there was already a failed attempt to assassinate him in 1893.[9] Kunitzer himself consequently acted against workers.[10]
On 30 September 1905 he was assassinated by
In 1906 Heinzel & Kunitzer employed 3,343 workers.[13] The Widzew enterprise was bought by Heinzel and Italians Tanfani and Farinola.[2]
References
- ^ a b c d (in Polish) Kunitzer – król Widzewa, Dziennik Łódzki, 26 September 2008
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r (in Polish) JULIUSZ KAROL KUNITZER Archived 27 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Polacy-Niemcy-Żydzi w Łodzi w XIX-XX w:sąsiedzi dalecy i bliscy Paweł Samuś,page 224 1997
- ^ Ilustrowana encyklopedia historii łodzi, Urząd Miasta Łodzi, nr IV / 1, page 198 [1]
- ^ Niepodległość, Volume 17, Instytut Badania Najnowszej Historji Polski (Warsaw, Poland), Instytut Józefa Piłsudskiego Poświęcony Badaniu Najnowszej Historii Polski (London, England), page 185,Pilsudski Institute of America, 1938
- ^ Bolesław Leśmian, Recepta na miliony, Książka i Wiedza, 1967, page 101
- ^ Miasta polskie w tysiącleciu, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1965, Tom 2, page 23
- ^ Rocznik łódzki, 1977, Volume 22, Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne. Oddział Łódzki Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, page 121
- ISBN 978-83-7016-733-2.
- ISBN 978-83-7016-733-2.
- ^ Stefan Pytlas, 1994, Łódzka burżuazja przemysłowa w latach 1864–1914, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, page 212
- ^ Wacław Pawlak, Na łódzkim bruku, 1901–1918, 1986, Wydawnictwo Lódzkie, page 68
- ISBN 3-88680-204-3.