Karl Ritter (diplomat)

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This article is about the diplomat. For the geographer, see Carl Ritter. For the film director and producer, see Karl Ritter (director).
Karl Ritter

Karl Ritter (5 June 1883, Dörflas,

Foreign Office
during World War II.

Career

Ritter graduated with a degree in law in 1905. In 1907 he was appointed to the Bavarian Civil Service. In 1911 he transferred to the colonial office, and in 1918 to the economics office before settling in 1922 in the Foreign Office, where he headed the sections for economics and reparations and finally the section for trading politics, where he played a significant role in the 1930–31 project to establish a German-Austrian Customs Union, which however came to nothing because of French opposition.

After the Nazis came to power, in 1937–38, he was first envoy and then ambassador to Rio de Janeiro. In Rio de Janeiro, he was declared persona non grata for demanding the Brazilian government ban anti-Nazi propaganda.[1] He stated at his trial that he was forced to join the Nazi Party at this time.[2][3] In 1938, he became chairman of Committee B of the International Commission for Cession of the Sudeten German Territory, during the preparations that led to the Munich Agreement.[4]

When World War II began, Ritter was responsible for overseeing the economic war, with the rank of Ambassador, Special Duty.[5][6] Until 1945, he was the liaison between the Ribbentrop Foreign Office and the OKW.[7] Through Karl Schnurre, he worked on the 1939 negotiations with the Soviet Union that led to the economics part of the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact. One of his assistants in the Foreign Office was Fritz Kolbe, who beginning in 1943 smuggled classified documents from the Foreign Ministry-OKW correspondence to the American Legation in Bern, Switzerland, headed by Allen Dulles.[8]

Ministries Trial

At the war's end Ritter was arrested. At the

Geneva Convention of 1929 and Article 14 of the Hague Convention of 1907, the Swiss Embassy extends its protection to British prisoners of war, and he had instead been complicit in the sending of an untrue and misleading memorandum to the Swiss Embassy. One of the three judges, Leon W. Powers, dissented on both counts.[11]

Ritter was sentenced to four years in prison, including time served beginning in 1945; he was released a month after sentencing, on 15 May 1949.[12] He was represented by the defence lawyer Horst Pelckmann, who was replaced by Erich Schmidt-Leichner.

Later life and family

Nothing is known of Ritter's life after his release except for attendance at the home of Winifred Wagner along with Edda Göring, Adolf von Thadden, Hans Severus Ziegler and others.[citation needed]

Ritter's illegitimate son

French resistance; he became a communist and a journalist in East Germany.[13]

Publications

References

  1. ^ O Brasil na Guerra – Cronologia Archived 2011-07-15 at the Wayback Machine: "já que este último foi declarado persona non grata pelo Brasil (Ritter havia censurado o Governo brasileiro por permitir uma suposta campanha anti-nazista contra alemães residentes no país)".
  2. OCLC 603853607
    , p. 158 (in German)
  3. ISBN 978-3-89667-430-2, (p. 361
    ) (in German)
  4. ISBN 9783486551518
    , p. 113 (in German)
  5. ISBN 9780300059137, note 23, p. 277
    .
  6. ^ Beginning on October 9, 1939, a month after the invasion of Poland: Conze, Frei, Hayes, and Zimmermann, n.p.
  7. ^ Conze, Frei, Hayes, and Zimmermann, n.p.
  8. ISBN 9780810863200, pp. 239–40
    .
  9. ^ Das Urteil im Wilhelmstrassen-Prozess, p. 158: "Er hat sich über die Judenpolitik ... und über das Schicksal der nach dem Osten deportierten Juden keinen Illusionen hingegeben, wenn er auch höchstwahrscheinlich keine unmittelbare Kenntnis von dem Umfang, der Methode und den Begleitumständen der Ausrottungsmaßnahmen gegen die Juden gehabt hat."
    p. 159: "Kenntnis davon, daß ein Verbrechen begangen worden ist oder bevorsteht, genügt zu einer Verurteilung nur in den Fällen, in denen eine Rechtspflicht besteht, eine Handlung zu verhindern oder sich ihr zu widersetzen."
  10. ^ Das Urteil im Wilhelmstrassen-Prozess, p. 64: "Wir sehen Ritter nicht einfach als Laufburschen an...er war zwar nicht Urheber dieser Mordpolitik, hat sie aber durchgeführt."
  11. ^ Das Urteil im Wilhelmstrassen-Prozess, p. 298.
  12. ^ Deutscher Presse-Dienst, "Die Urteilssprüche", Hamburger Abendblatt, 16 April 1949 (in German)
  13. ^ Götz Aly (26 February 2000). "Kritisch, optimistisch und verlogen". Der angesehene DDR-Journalist Karl-Heinz Gerstner hat seine Memoiren vorgelegt und verschweigt seinen Weg vom tüchtigen Nazi-Diplomaten zum viel beschäftigten Stasi-Agenten "Ritter". Berliner Zeitung. Retrieved 7 January 2018.

Sources

Further reading

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