Kauffman–White classification
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The Kauffmann–White classification or Kauffmann and White classification scheme
Kauffmann–White classification for Salmonella
- Salmonella (species) serotype (O antigen) : (H1 antigen) : (H2 antigen)
- Examples
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium 1,4,5,12:i:1,2
monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium 1,4,5,12:i:-
"O"-group | Serovar | "O" antigens | Phase 1 "H" antigens | Phase 2 "H" antigens |
A | S.Paratyphi A | 1,2,12 | a | no phase 2 antigen |
S. Paratyphi A var. Durazzo | 2,12 | a | no phase 2 antigen | |
B | S. Paratyphi B | 1,4,5,12 | b | 1,2 |
S. Paratyphi B var. Odense | 1,4,12 | b | 1,2 | |
S. Java | 1,4,5,12 | b | (1,2) | |
S. Limete | 1,4,12,27 | b | 1,5 | |
S. Typhimurium | 1,4,5,12 | i | 1,2 | |
S. Typhimurium var. Copenhagen | 1,4,12 | i | 1,2 | |
S. Agama | 4,12 | i | 1,6 | |
S. Abortus-equi | 4,12 | no phase 1 antigen | e,n,x | |
S. Abortus-ovis | 4,12 | c | 1,6 | |
S. Agona | 4,12 | f,g,s | no phase 2 antigen | |
S. Brandenburg | 4,12 | l,v | e,n,z15 | |
S. Bredeney | 1,4,12,27 | l,v | 1,7 | |
S. Derby | 1,4,5,12 | f,g | no phase 2 antigen | |
S. Heidelberg | 1,4,5,12 | r | 1,2 | |
S. Saintpaul | 1,4,5,12 | e,h | 1,2 | |
S. Salinatis | 4,12 | d,e,h | d,e,n,z15 | |
S. Stanley | 4,5,12 | d | 1,2 | |
C1 | S. Paratyphi C | 6,7,Vi | c | 1,5 |
S. Choleraesuis | 6,7 | c | 1,5 | |
S. Choleraesuis var. Kunzendorf | 6,7 | (c) | 1,5 | |
S. Decatur | 6,7 | c | 1,5 | |
S. Typhisuis | 6,7 | c | 1,5 | |
S. Bareilly | 6,7 | y | 1,5 | |
S. Infantis | 6,7 | r | 1,5 | |
S. Menston | 6,7 | g,s,t | no phase 2 antigen | |
S. Montevideo | 6,7 | g,m,s | no phase 2 antigen | |
S. Oranienburg | 6,7 | m,t | no phase 2 antigen | |
S. Thompson | 6,7 | k | 1,5 | |
C2 | S. Bovismorbificans | 6,8 | r | 1,5 |
S. Newport | 6,8 | e,h | 1,2 | |
D | S. Typhi | 9,12,Vi | d | no phase 2 antigen |
S. Ndolo | 9,12 | d | 1,5 | |
S. Dublin | 1,9,12,Vi[6] | g,p | no phase 2 antigen | |
S. Enteritidis | 1,9,12 | g,m | no phase 2 antigen | |
S. Gallinarum | 1,9,12 | no phase 1 antigen | no phase 2 antigen | |
S. Pullorum | (1),9,12 | no phase 1 antigen | no phase 2 antigen | |
S. Panama | 1,9,12 | l,v | 1,5 | |
S. Miami | 1,9,12 | a | 1,5 | |
S. Sendai | 1,9,12 | a | 1,5 | |
E1 | S. Anatum | 3,10 | e,h | 1,6 |
S. Give | 3,10 | l,v | 1,7 | |
S. London | 3,10 | l,v | 1,6 | |
S. Meleagridis | 3,10 | e,h | l,w | |
E2 | S. Cambridge | 3,15 | e,h | l,w |
S. Newington | 3,15 | e,h | 1,6 | |
E3 | S. Minneapolis | (3),(15),34 | e,h | 1,6 |
E4 | S. Senftenberg | 1,3,19 | g,s,t | no phase 2 antigen |
S. Simsbury | 1,3,19 | no phase 1 antigen | z27 | |
F | S. Aberdeen | 11 | i | 1,2 |
G | S. Cubana | 1,13,23 | z29 | no phase 2 antigen |
S. Poona | 13,22 | z | 1,6 | |
H | S. Heves | 6,14,24 | d | 1,5 |
S. Onderstepoort | 1,6,14,25 | e,h | 1,5 | |
I | S. Brazil | 16 | a | 1,5 |
S. Hvittingfoss | 16 | b | e,n,x | |
Others | S. Kirkee | 17 | b | 1,2 |
S. Adelaide | 35 | f,g | no phase 2 antigen | |
S. Locarno | 57 | z29 | z42 |
- Antigens in brackets are those that are rarely expressed in that serovar.
The cost of maintaining a full set of antisera precludes all but reference laboratories from performing a complete serological identification of salmonella isolates. Most laboratories stock only a limited range of antisera, and the choice of stock sera is largely determined by the nature of the specimens to be processed.
Representative stock of antisera
A common set of working antisera is shown below:
O-antisera | H-antisera |
polyvalent-O, groups A-G | polyvalent-H, specific and non-specific |
2-O, group A | polyvalent-H, non-specific factors 1,2,5,6,7 |
4-O, group B | a-H (S. Paratyphi A) |
6, 7-O, group C1 | b-H (S. Paratyphi B) |
8-O, group C2 | c-H (S. Paratyphi C) |
9-O, group D | d-H (S. Typhi) |
3, 10, 15, 19-O group E | e,h-H (S. Newport) |
11-O, group F | f,g-H (S. Derby) |
13, 22-O, group G | g,m-H (S. Enteritidis) |
i-H (S. Typhimurium) | |
k-H (S. Thompson) | |
l,v-H (S. London) | |
m,t-H (S. Oranienburg) | |
r-H (S. Bovismorbificans) |
Laboratories that are likely to investigate typhoid also carry antiserum raised against the Vi antigen.
A set of "Rapid Diagnostic Sera" is also held and is used for determination of common specific H-antigens except i-H. After obtaining a positive agglutination with the polyvalent-H specific and non-specific antiserum, the three RDS antisera are used to identify the H antigen present. Depending on the pattern of positive and negative reactions with the RDS antisera, the specific H antigen may be identified:
antigen | RDS1 | RDS2 | RDS3 |
b | agglutination | agglutination | no agglutination |
d | agglutination | no agglutination | agglutination |
E | agglutination | agglutination | agglutination |
G | no agglutination | no agglutination | agglutination |
k | no agglutination | agglutination | agglutination |
L | no agglutination | agglutination | no agglutination |
r | agglutination | no agglutination | no agglutination |
E = polyvalent for eh, enx, etc.
G = polyvalent for gm, gp, etc.
L = polyvalent for lv, lw, etc.
Connection of O and H symbols to the work of Weil and Felix
This use of the O and H symbols is based on the historic observations of Edmund Weil (1879–1922) and Arthur Felix (1887–1956) of a thin surface film produced by agar-grown flagellated Proteus strains, a film that resembled the mist produced by breath on a glass. Flagellated (swarming, motile) variants were therefore designated H forms (German Hauch, for film, literally breath or mist); nonflagellated (nonswarming, nonmotile) variants growing as isolated colonies and lacking the surface film were designated as O forms (German ohne Hauch, without film [i.e., without surface film of mist droplets]).[7][8][9]
References
- ^ Murray PR, Baron EJ, Pfaller MA, Tenover FC, Yolken RH, 1995. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. Washington, DC, ASM Press.
- ^ Grimont, Patrick. "Antigenic formulae of the Salmonella serovars, 9th edition". WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella. Archived from the original on 1 July 2013. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
- PMID 16466895.
- .
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- ^ Grimont, Patrick; Weill, François-Xavier (2007-01-01). "Antigenic Formulae of the Salmonella serovars, (9th ed.) Paris: WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella". Institute Pasteur.: 1–166.
- ^ Weil, E. & Felix, A. (1917) Wien. Klin. Wschr. 30, 1509, cited in Smith, R.W. & Koffler, H., "Bacterial Flagella", in Advances in Microbial Physiology, Vol. 6 (A.H. Rose & J.F. Wilkinson, Eds.), p. 251, Academic Press, 1971
- ^ Rietschel, E.T. & Westphal, O. "Endotoxin: Historical Perspectives", in Endotoxin in Health Disease (H. Brade, Ed.), p. 11, CRC Press, 1999.
- ^ Hahon, N., Ed. Selected Papers on the Pathogenic Rickettsiae, p. 79, Harvard University Press, 1968.