Ken Henry (public servant)

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Dr Ken Henry
Secretary of the Department of the Treasury
In office
27 April 2001 – 4 March 2011
Prime MinisterJohn Howard
Kevin Rudd
Julia Gillard
Preceded byTed Evans
Succeeded byMartin Parkinson
Personal details
Born
Kenneth Ross Henry

(1957-11-27) 27 November 1957 (age 66)
Public servant
; Non-executive director

Kenneth Ross Henry

Secretary of the Department of the Treasury
from 2001 to 2011.

During his time as Secretary of the Treasury, Henry chaired the major Future Tax System Review, which became known as the Henry Tax Review, a document published in 2010 which is credited with shaping Australian tax policy over the following decade. He retired from the civil service in March 2011, and weeks later was appointed Special Adviser to Prime Minister Julia Gillard.[1][2] During his time in this role, he chaired the committee which produced the White Paper on Australia in the Asian Century. He left his role as Special Adviser in 2013, and became Chairman of the Australian Securities Exchange, Chairman of the National Australia Bank, and joined the Sir Roland Wilson Foundation at the Australian National University.

Education and early career

Ken Henry studied economics at the

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (1992–94). He was the Treasury department secretary from April 2001 until March 2011; and therefore an ex-officio member of the board of the Reserve Bank of Australia
.

Henry remained head of Treasury in the transition from Liberal to Labor Governments in 2007. In 2008 he headed Australia's Future Tax System Review Panel, charged with examining all aspects of the Australian tax system with a view to reform.[6]

Treasury

Climate change

In 2004, Henry recommended a National

Emissions Trading Scheme to thwart climate change, however the advice at the time was ignored. His recommendations have since been praised.[7]

Consumption tax modelling

Ken Henry has been criticised for his role in modelling the Hewson Liberal opposition reform package known as

goods and services tax, similar to both the Option C developed by Henry for the Hawke Labor government in 1985, and the GST developed for the Howard Liberal Government in 1997. Henry rejects the claim that Treasury acted improperly, saying "We rejected that charge at the time. I would always reject it. There was nothing improper in what we did." He did concede, however that "it is the case that our work was used by the Government to attack publicly an Opposition policy."[8] In reference to the Option C modelling he had previously worked on, Henry said:[8]

It was like 1985 all over again. But in other ways it couldn’t have been more different … …But it was completely unlike 1985 in the sense that we were not helping the Government to develop a positive package.

Canberra Times
, 23 January 2006

When Fightback! came out, the model the team had developed enabled the identification of a major failing in the package. Income tax bracket creep had been used to fund the package but bracket creep had not been used in the analysis of the after tax income various taxpayers would receive. Treasury was accused by the Coalition of having acted improperly.[8]

Pre 2007 election speech

In April 2007, the Australian Financial Review's Laura Tingle ran a story about Henry's semi-annual speech to staff. In the wake of the Howard Government's development of an A$10 billion policy proposal, Henry was reported as saying that there was a 'greater than usual risk of the development of policy proposals that are, frankly, bad' in the lead-up to the federal election.'[9] Former Howard Government ministers suggested that it was a deliberate attempt to have Henry's critical views aired publicly to the detriment of the Howard Government, and called it 'a deliberate piece of political positioning by Henry' prior to the 2007 federal election.[9] Following the initial controversy, Henry released the full text of the speech, along with clarification. It said, in part, that:[10]

The Government, our ministers and other agencies are under no compulsion to rely on our advice. In respect of water, that point is all too obvious. We are competing for influence with other central agencies, line agencies and independent policy advisers, such as think-tanks, commentators and consultants.... As I have noted on other occasions, I have never known the Treasurer to not welcome frank and honest advice when it is provided in-confidence and in good faith.

Bank Deposit Guarantee Scheme

Immediately prior to Henry's appearance at a Senate hearing into the Rudd Government's unlimited Bank Deposit Guarantee Scheme, an email from the Governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia, Glenn Stevens, to Henry was reported on in the media. No text was published, however the Australian newspaper alleged that the email expressed concerns of the Reserve Bank about a 'flight to safety' caused by the unlimited guarantee of deposits in Authorised Deposit-taking Institutions, and the consequent loss of liquidity in secondary credit markets. It claimed that Stevens called for a cap on the amount of a deposit guarantee ‘...the lower the better' and that he also said 'If this situation is allowed to continue, foreign bank branches will not be able to source funding in the local market as a flight to guaranteed deposits occurs.'[11]

In the Senate hearing, Henry denied there had been any disagreement between Treasury and the Reserve Bank, and that the two bodies were ‘of one mind’ on the Bank Deposit Guarantee Scheme. Henry said that the Opposition's claim that Mr Rudd had ignored Reserve Bank warnings was based on a report in The Australian newspaper. Dr Henry called that report unfortunate, fallacious, unhelpful, and "W-R-O-N-G"[12]

The Reserve Bank Governor backed Henry, stating that "steps in these directions, in the context of what other countries were doing, were sensible, and the RBA supports them."[13]

Stimulus package

Treasury, under Henry, gave advice supporting the Rudd Government's stimulus package, which was designed to lessen the size of an economic recession in Australia following the

Keynesian response embodied in the stimulus package, the desire to maintain expenditure in the economy, and the desire to avoid the destruction of human capital from a recession was encapsulated in the phrase attributed to Henry:[16]

Go early, go hard and go households.

— Phrase attributed to Ken Henry

Henry stated that the stimulus package would either reduce future Government spending or drive up taxes, but he also said that this would occur in "a period of faster growth in private sector activity and the judgment that has been made is that in those circumstances . . . the Government will have the ability to repay debt without doing damage to gross domestic product growth".[15]

Henry provided advice to the Rudd Government that without the continuation of the stimulus package, 100,000 jobs would be lost, and GDP would reduce by 1.5 percent.[15] No modeling was made public to support either of these contentions. After the release of advice, Shadow Treasurer and Minister in the former Howard Government, Joe Hockey, commented that he had never seen a piece of Treasury advice so clearly designed to be released to the media.[9]

Further, graphs were subsequently printed in the budget papers purporting to show that there was a statistically significant correlation with the size of G20 member countries' stimulus packages and their respective economic performances, however the data had been cherry picked and only 11 G20 economies had been included in the analysis. When all G20 economies were analyzed, no correlation existed.[17][18] Treasury later withdrew the graph.[17] IMF research showed statistically significant links between the form of stimulus, and the success or otherwise of various countries through the recession.[9][19]

Notwithstanding this criticism, a raft of economic advice and analysis has subsequently supported Australia's actions. The OECD's 2009 employment outlook said that while "generally have not had a strong effect in cushioning the initial decline in employment caused by the crisis...Australia is a notable exception."[20] Australia's unemployment figures remain about 3% lower than the OECD average, and it also avoided recession throughout the GFC.[21]

Henry's advice throughout the GFC has been characterised as "within the mainstream of economic orthodoxy".[22] As of December 2009, Australia's unemployment rate is thought to have peaked at 5.8 percent after several months of job growth.[23] This is much lower than previous Treasury estimates of up to 8.5 percent.[24]

Henry Tax Review

The

Resource Super Profits Tax (RSPT) proposed by Henry proposed to tax the super profits
of mining companies.

Following criticisms of the measures proposed in the Henry Tax Review, Henry said:[26]

Whenever an idea is ventured publicly by a person, whether that person is a policy advisor or whether it's a government minister, there's at least a handful of academics who will contest it. I've seen it on both sides of politics - this is not a partisan comment at all - but for governments, government ministers who are seeking to get ideas legislated - it is unbelievably frustrating, incredibly frustrating. But I think there are occasions on which economists might, at least for a period, put down their weapons and join a consensus.

Henry was criticized for wanting to avoid debate of his ideas.[27]

Resource Super Profits Tax

Ken Henry proposed a Resource Super Profits Tax (RSPT) on all mining companies' super profits. The government claimed that miners paid as little as 17 percent tax on their profits,[28] mining companies claimed they paid 43%, but Australian Taxation Office figures indicate that "the average tax take across the mining industry is about 27 percent" with many paying much less than this.[28]

During negotiations with mining companies, Henry advised that the initial estimates of A$12 billion had been revised up to A$24 billion due to higher commodity price estimates in the two months since the release of the initial RSPT proposal.[29]

Post-Treasury career

Special Adviser to the Prime Minister

On 1 June 2011, Prime Minister

Governor General as a Special Adviser on a part-time basis in her portfolio.[30] He was directly appointed by the Governor General under section 67 of the Constitution of Australia, and outside the Public Service Act 1999.[31]

"Australia in the Asian Century"

Henry led the writing of a White Paper on the topic "Australia in the Asian Century", publicly released in mid-2012.[32] He was assisted by Professor Peter Drysdale, Catherine Livingstone, Chair of Telstra, and John Denton, CEO of Corrs Chambers Westgarth. Dr Gordon de Brouwer, Dr David Gruen, Deputy Secretary of the Department of the Treasury and Dr Heather Smith, Deputy Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade form a Secretariat.[33]

National Australia Bank

Henry was appointed as an executive director of the National Australia Bank (NAB) in 2011;[34] and in 2015 was appointed as chairman. Under Henry, NAB received the largest ever vote of 88.1 percent against its remuneration report.[35]

Appearing before the

QC singled out Henry and NAB for particular criticism:[41][42]

NAB also stands apart from the other three major banks. ...I thought it telling that Dr Henry seemed unwilling to accept any criticism of how the board had dealt with some issues.

— Commissioner Hayne, Final Report: Royal Commission into Misconduct in the Banking, Superannuation and Financial Services Industry. 1 February 2019.

On 5 February 2019, NAB announced to the ASX that Henry acknowledged the Commissioner's comments and he seemed unwilling to accept criticism. He denied that this was the case.[43] Two days later Henry announced that he would resign as chairman after overseeing the selection of his replacement.[44][45][46][47]

Other

Henry was also appointed a director of the board of the Australian Securities Exchange in January 2013.[48] He is chair of the Sir Roland Wilson Foundation Board at the Australian National University.[49]

Henry is the part-time Executive Chair of the Australian National University's new Institute of Public Policy;[50] and chair of the SMART Infrastructure Facility Advisory Council at the University of Wollongong.[51]

Activism

In 2011, Henry joined the council of

Hairy-nosed wombat.[52]

Awards and honours

In 2007 Henry was appointed a Companion (AC) of the Order of Australia for service to the development and implementation of economic and taxation policy, to the finance sector through a range of banking and regulatory bodies, and to the community in the area of welfare and care of native wildlife,[53] and received the Centenary Medal in 2001.

References

  1. ^ "Ken Henry announces retirement". Investor Daily. Archived from the original on 6 September 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  2. ^ "Advice Gillard didn't want: How Henry was moved on | the Australian". Archived from the original on 10 September 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  3. ^ Daley, Paul (2 May 2010). "Henry in the middle". The Age. Fairfax Media. Archived from the original on 8 October 2012.
  4. doi:10.26021/5485. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help
    )
  5. Department of the Treasury. Archived from the original
    on 16 March 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2012.
  6. Department of the Treasury
    . Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  7. ^ "Australia's climate change policy is messier than a teenager's bedroom, but is Turnball the man to tidy up?". The Conversation. 9 October 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
  8. ^
    ISBN 1-920942-83-1, archived from the original
    on 16 January 2014
  9. ^ a b c d "Mandarin's partiality". The Australian. Retrieved 29 October 2012.
  10. ^ Belshaw, Jim (4 April 2007). "Personal Reflections: Australia's Treasury and the Formation of Public Policy". Belshaw.blogspot.com. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  11. ^ Hewett, Jennifer (21 October 2008). "RBA warns on bank guarantee as Reserve and Treasury at loggerheads". The Australian. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  12. ^ "Treasury, RBA of 'one mind' on bank guarantee". The Sydney Morning Herald. 22 October 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  13. ABC1
    . 27 October 2008. Retrieved 29 October 2012.
  14. ^ Irvine, Jessica (20 July 2010). "Nobel laureate lauds Labor's stimulus spend". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  15. ^ a b c Chalmers, Emma (9 October 2009). "Stimulus bill to drive up taxes, warns Ken Henry". The Courier-Mail. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  16. ^ "Rudd hell-bent on beating Whitlam: bad government". The Australian. Retrieved 29 October 2012.
  17. ^ a b Maher, Sid (4 June 2010). "Treasury withdraws exaggerated graph". The Australian. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  18. ^ "'Stimulusgate' in Agenda, Volume 18, Number 1, 2011 by Edited by William Coleman | ANU Press". Archived from the original on 16 July 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  19. ^ "The most important chart in the budget | Pollytics". Crikey. 12 May 2010. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  20. ^ Coorey, Phillip (17 September 2009). "GFC|Australian economy". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  21. ^ Chalmers, Emma (12 February 2010). "Global Financial Crisis is 'over' - Treasury boss Ken Henry". News.com.au. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  22. ^ "Circumspection please, Ken Henry is not the bunyip". Crikey. 21 May 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  23. ^ "Aust unemployment rate falls to 5.7% | News". Business Spectator. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  24. ^ Martin, Peter (20 November 2009). "Unemployment ain't going to get much worse - OECD". Petermartin.blogspot.com. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  25. ^ "Australia's Future Tax System - Papers". Department of the Treasury. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  26. ^ Martin, Peter (22 June 2010). ""Put down your weapons" - Ken Henry". Petermartin.blogspot.com. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  27. ^ Gans, Joshua (23 June 2010). "Dear Ken Henry...a plea from the academic sidelines". The Drum Opinion. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 29 October 2012.
  28. ^ a b Eltham, Ben (26 May 2010). "What Effect Will The Resource Super Profits Tax Have on Australia's Mining Companies". New Matilda. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  29. ^ "Real resource super-profits tax cost doubled". The Australian. Retrieved 29 October 2012.
  30. ^ Gillard, Julia (1 June 2011). "Departmental Secretaries | Prime Minister of Australia" (Press release). Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  31. ^ [1] Archived 16 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  32. ^ Gillard, Julia (2011). "Australia in the Asian Century". Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Press release). Archived from the original on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
  33. ^ "ANU expert to help Australia prepare for the Asian century". ANU News (Press release). Australian National University. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  34. ^ "Bank nabs Ken Henry for board job". NAB Website. 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  35. Financial Review
    . Australia. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
  36. ^ Chalmers, Stephanie (27 November 2018). "Banking royal commission sees NAB chairman Ken Henry grilled on 'fees for no service'". ABC News. Australia. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  37. ^ Hutchens, Gareth (6 September 2018). "Ken Henry says it could take 10 years to change NAB's culture – as it happened". Guardian Australia. Australian Associated Press. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  38. ^ Yeates, Clancy; Danckert, Sarah (1 December 2018). "How Ken Henry opened up a corporate can of worms". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  39. ^ Pash, Chris (27 November 2018). "Ken Henry's royal commission appearance sparked a debate over one of the biggest issues facing capitalism". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  40. ^ Bartholomeusz, Stephen (28 November 2018). "Ken Henry ponders the state of capitalism - and agrees it's not pretty". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  41. ISBN 978-1-920838-65-2. Retrieved 4 February 2019. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help
    )
  42. ^ Coglan, Paul (5 February 2019). "Ken Henry is in deep trouble". Business Insider. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  43. ^ "NAB CEO and Chairman comment on Royal Commission Final Report" (PDF) (Press release). National Australia Bank. 5 February 2019. Retrieved 7 February 2019 – via ASX.
  44. ^ Bartholomeusz, Stephen (7 February 2019). "The end was inevitable after NAB duo annoyed royal commissioner". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  45. ^ Karp, Paul (7 February 2019). "NAB a 'long way' from its aspiration, Ken Henry says". Guardian Australia. Australian Associated Press. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  46. ^ Chalmers, Stephanie; Letts, Stephen (7 February 2019). "NAB CEO Andrew Thorburn and chair Ken Henry resign in the wake of banking royal commission". ABC News. Australia. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  47. ^ Grattan, Michelle (7 February 2019). "NAB's Andrew Thorburn and Ken Henry quit after royal commission lashing". The Conversation. Australia. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
  48. ^ Cal, Peter (22 January 2013). "Ken Henry joins ASX board". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
  49. ^ "Board Members of the Sir Roland Wilson Foundation". Sir Roland Wilson Foundation. Australian National University. 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
  50. ^ "New ANU 'Kennedy School' to play leading national public policy role". ANU News (Press release). Australian National University. 2012. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
  51. ^ "Members of the Advisory Council". SMART Infrastructure Facility. University of Wollongong. 2013. Archived from the original on 24 April 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  52. ^ "Voiceless, the animal protection institute".
  53. ^ "Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) entry for Dr Kenneth Ross HENRY". Australian Honours Database. Canberra, Australia: Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Retrieved 7 February 2019.
Government offices
Preceded by
Secretary of the Department of the Treasury

2001–2011 		Succeeded by
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