Kingdom of Khana
The Kingdom of Khana or Kingdom of Hana (late 18th century BC – mid-17th century BC) was the Syrian kingdom from Hana Land in the middle Euphrates region north of
Location
The kingdom of Hana was located on territories formerly ruled by the sovereigns of Mari. The rulers of Mari held the title "King of
History
An independent kingdom under the leadership of Mari, the kingdom fell to the Old Babylonian Empire when Hammurabi destroyed Mari.[5]
During the reign of the Babylonian king
The Hanaeans
The Hanaeans were a nomadic tribal confederacy based around the middle Euphrates on the Syrian-Iraqi border.
The history of the Hanaeans is closely linked to the kingdom of Mari. They were strongly presented in the Euphrates and Khabur valleys. Records indicate that the area around Terqa could muster several thousand in times of need.
The Kassite domination
There is some evidence about a link between the kingdom of Hana and the
One dedicatory inscription preserved in later copies records the return of Marduk’s statue from Hana by Agum II (Agum-Kakrime),[7] a later Kassite king, most probably the first to rule over most of Babylonia (c.1570 BC). The part of the inscription that mentions Hana reads:
- I sent to the distant land, to the land of the Haneans and they conducted Marduk and Sarpanitu back to me. I returned Marduk and Sarpanitu, the ones who love my reign, to the Esagil and Babylon. I returned them to the temple that Shamash had confirmed to me in my investigation.[8]
Even if the text does not convey clearly the relationship between the Kassite Agum II and "the Haneans" at that point, it nevertheless links Hana with the sack of Babylonia by the Hittite king
References
- ^ ISBN 978-1883053482.
- ^ Amanda H. Podany, A Middle Babylonian Date for the Ḫana Kingdom, Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 43/45, pp. 53-62, (1991 - 1993)
- ^ Podany, Amanda H. “Hana and the Low Chronology.” Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 73, no. 1, 2014, pp. 49–71
- ^ ISBN 978-0521082303.
- ^ Giorgio Buccellati, The Kingdom and Period of Khana, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. 270, Ancient Syria, pp. 43-61, (May, 1988)
- ISBN 978-0674728820. Kosmin is citing Giorgio Buccellati 1988, "The Kingdom and Period of Khana".
- ^ Bromiley, Geoffrey W. The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, 1986.
- ^ Longman, Tremper. Fictional Akkadian Autobiography: A Generic and Comparative Study, 1991, p. 222.
- ^ Kuiper, Kathleen. Mesopotamia: The World's Earliest Civilization, 2011.
- ^ Nissen H. J., Heine P. From Mesopotamia to Iraq: A Concise History, 2009.
- ^ Saggs, H. W. F. Babylonians, 2000.