Klara Döpel
Klara (Minna) Renate Döpel (née Mannß; 1900 – 6 April 1945 in
Education
Klara Döpel studied law at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and worked as a lawyer until 1933. In 1934, she married the nuclear physicist Robert Döpel. She changed her area of studies to physics at the Julius Maximilian University Würzburg.[1]
Career
In 1938, Klara Döpel followed her husband Robert to
In August 1940, Robert and Klara Döpel, working in Leipzig, showed the utility of using
In a letter written in December 1943, Robert Döpel recounted that air raids had destroyed 75% of Leipzig, including his institute. Air raids during that year had also burned down Döpel's apartment building and Heisenberg's house in Leipzig. Sixteen months later, on 6 April 1945, just 32 days before the surrender of Germany, Klara was killed in an air raid, while she was working in the physics building.[1][9]
Internal reports
The following reports were published in
- Robert Döpel, K. Döpel, and Werner Heisenberg Bestimmung der Diffusionslänge thermischer Neutronen in Präparat 38[12] (5 December 1940). G-22.
- Robert Döpel, K. Döpel, and Werner Heisenberg Bestimmung der Diffusionslänge thermischer Neutronen in schwerem Wasser (7 August 1940). G-23.
- Robert Döpel, K. Döpel, and Werner Heisenberg Versuche mit Schichtenanordnungen von D2O und 38 (28 October 1941). G-75.
- Robert Döpel, K. Döpel, and Werner Heisenberg Der experimentelle Nachweis der effektiven Neutronenvermehrung in einem Kugel-Schichten-System aus D2O und Uran-Metall (July 1942). G-136.
- Robert Döpel, K. Döpel, and Werner Heisenberg Die Neutronenvermehrung in einem D2O-38-Metallschichtensystem (March 1942). G-373.
Notes
- ^ a b Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Klara Döpel.
- ^ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix F; see the entry for Klara and Robert Döpel.
- ^ Walker, 1993, 53.
- ^ Document #95 Werner Heisenberg. The Theoretical Basis for the Generation of Energy from Uranium Fission [February 26, 1942] in Hentschel, Klaus (editor) and Ann M. Hentschel (editorial assistant and translator) Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources (Birkhäuser, 1996) pp. 294-301; see footnote #15 on p. 300.
- ^ Document #115 Werner Heisenberg: Research in Germany on Technical Applications of Atomic Energy [August 16, 1947] in Hentschel, Klaus (editor) and Ann M. Hentschel (editorial assistant and translator) Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources (Birkhäuser, 1996) pp. 361-379; see footnote #47 on p. 371.
- ^ Robert Döpel, K. Döpel, and Werner Heisenberg Der experimentelle Nachweis der effektiven Neutronenvermehrung in linem Kugel-Schichten-System aus D2O und Uran-Metall (July 1942). G-136, as cited in Walker, 1993, 272.
- ^ Walker, 1993, 27, 39-40, and 84-85.
- ^ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix B; see the entry for the Heereswaffenamt.
- ^ Walker, 1993, 125 and 134.
- ^ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix E; see the entry for Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte.
- ^ Walker, 1993, 268-274.
- ^ Präparat 38 was the cover name for uranium oxide; see Deutsches Museum.
References
- Hentschel, Klaus (editor) and Ann M. Hentschel (editorial assistant and translator) Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources (Birkhäuser, 1996) ISBN 0-8176-5312-0
- Walker, Mark German National Socialism and the Quest for Nuclear Power 1939–1949 (Cambridge, 1993) ISBN 0-521-43804-7
- Werner Heisenberg, Robert Döpel, Wilhelm Hanle, and Käthe Mitzenheim Werner Heisenberg in Leipzig 1927-1942 (Wiley-VCH Weinheim, 1993)