Lake Towada
You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Japanese. (April 2013) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
Lake Towada 十和田湖 | |
---|---|
Honshū, Japan | |
Coordinates | 40°28′N 140°52′E / 40.467°N 140.867°E |
Type | Crater lake |
Primary outflows | Oirase River |
Basin countries | Japan |
Surface area | 61.1 km2 (23.6 sq mi) |
Average depth | 71 m (233 ft) |
Max. depth | 327 m (1,073 ft) |
Water volume | 4.19 km3 (3,400,000 acre⋅ft) |
Shore length1 | 46 km (29 mi) |
Surface elevation | 400 metres (1,312 ft) |
1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure. |
Lake Towada (十和田湖, Towada-ko) is the largest
Location
Lake Towada is located approximately 540 kilometres (340 mi) northeast of
Geology
Lake Towada occupies the caldera of a stratovolcano still regarded as an active volcano. This volcano became active around 200,000 years ago, and through repeated eruptions and pyroclastic flows, especially 55,000 and 36,000 and 15,000 years ago, created an 11 kilometer diameter caldera with the proto-Lake Towada. From approximately 15,000 to 12,000 years ago, intermittent eruptions formed a small stratovolcano within this caldera (Mount Goshikiiwa). Intermediate eruptive activity continued and at least eight eruptions of magma occurred from 11,000 years ago to the present. The Ogurayama Lava Dome was formed approximately 7,600 years ago on the northeastern slope of the Goshikiiwa volcano. The Mikadoishi Lava Dome is estimated to be within 12,000 and 2,800 years ago.[2] The collapse of these secondary lava domes approximately 5400 years ago give the lake its distinct shape and the inlet between its two peninsulas (called the “Nakaumi”) is the remnant of a secondary caldera which erupted and collapsed.
Hydrology
According to the National Institute for Environmental Studies of Japan, the water renewal cycle of Lake Towada is approximately 8.5 years.[3] The catchment area of the lake covers an area of 129 square kilometres (50 sq mi). The lake area is fed by around seventy rivers, half of which are intermittent. The Oirase River, which drains towards the Pacific ocean, is the only outlet.
History
The name of the lake is believed to derive from the Ainu word to watara (ト ワタラ) , literally meaning "rocky lake" [4][5]
According to a legendary account, the
During the Heian and
The area around Lake Towada remained largely wilderness until towards the end of the
The lake was selected by the Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun and Osaka Mainichi Shimbun[9] as one of the Eight Scenic Views of Japan in 1927. In 1936, the lake and surrounding areas became part of Towada-Hachimantai National Park.
In 1953, in order to popularize the lake and the park, a sculpture of two women titled “The Maiden Statue” by Kōtarō Takamura was dedicated at the lakeshore as part of the park's 15th anniversary celebration. It was the last work by that noted sculptor.
A wartime
Activities
Located in the central area of Yasumiya is the lake's symbol, the Otome-no-Zo statue, located. From there excursion boats arrive and depart. In Utarube visitors can canoe or camp.[12]
See also
- List of Special Places of Scenic Beauty, Special Historic Sites and Special Natural Monuments
- Tourism in Japan
References
- ^ National Parks Foundation. "Towada-Hachimantai National Park". Retrieved November 22, 2019.
- ^ Japan Meteorological Agency. "24. Towada" (PDF). Retrieved May 20, 2020.
- ^ Takamura, Noriko. "十和田湖の生態系管理に向けて". NIES2001. National Institute for Environmental Studies.
- ^ Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. "青森・十和田".
- ISBN 9784120017667.
- OCLC 36327575.
- ^ a b Towada National Park Association. "Towada Jinja".
- ^ NIES 2001, p. 1
- ^ "日本八景(昭和2年)の選定内容" (PDF). Ministry of the Environment. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
- ^ September 5, 2012 Retrieved April 2, 2016
- ^ 旧陸軍練習機、十和田湖で発見…戦時中に墜落:社会 : YOMIURI ONLINE(読売新聞)(Japanese) Archived 2010-08-16 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "About Lake Towada - Aomori Travel Guide | Planetyze". Planetyze. Retrieved 2017-08-15.
- Southerland, Mary and Britton, Dorothy. The National Parks of Japan. Kodansha International (1995). ISBN 4-7700-1971-8
External links
- Towada - Japan Meteorological Agency (in Japanese)
- "Towada: National catalogue of the active volcanoes in Japan" (PDF). - Japan Meteorological Agency
- Towada - Geological Survey of Japan
- "Towada". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2021-06-24.