Land reform in Kerala
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Due to the ancient land relations and taxation and regulation under the
first EMS government.[1]
The EMS government was the first
Education Bill, raised a massive uproar from the landlord classes. The popular slogan for the radical socialists was "the land for tillers", which sent shock-waves through the landlord classes in the country. The ordinance set an absolute ceiling on the amount of land a family could own. The tenants and hut dwellers received a claim in the excess land, on which they had worked for centuries under the feudal system. In addition, the law ensured fixity of tenure and protection from eviction.[2]
These ground-breaking measures caused the premature death of the state government, as the central government, under Jawaharlal Nehru, used article 356 to dismiss it, alleging the breakdown of law and order. The land reforms in Kerala imparted drastic changes to the political, economic and social outlook.[citation needed]
Different types of Legislative Assembly. The Agrarian Relations Bill introduced in 1958 was passed with minor amendments. The legislature passed subsequent land reform bills in 1960, 1963, and 1964. But the historical land reform act, Kerala Land Reforms (Amendment) Act, 1969 by C. Achutha Menon government which put an end to the feudal system and ensured the rights of the tenants on land, came into force on 1 January 1970. However, cash crop plantations had been exempted from its purview. There have been many amendments to the act since, the latest having been in 2012.[3]
Main objectives
- To bestow on tenants ownership of a minimum of ten cents of land
- To end the old feudal relations by legitimizing the right of real peasants to own the land they cultivate
- To introduce land ceiling and distribute excess land among the landless agricultural labourers
- To abolish exploitation and inequalities in the agrarian sector
- To ensure the consistent progress and transformation of society
- To achieve economic development and modernisation
- To end the era of feudalism[citation needed]
Impact
- Leasing of land became unlawful.
- The Jenmiswho lived by collecting lease became extinct.
- The lease holders were given ownership of the land.
- A few big farmers who had cultivated on the leased lands also became owners of that land.
- Land owners sold their excess land.
- Hundreds of thousands of people got dwelling places of their own.
- The labour market was enlarged as former serfs entered it.[4]
References
- ^ Staff Reporter (18 February 2008). "Land Reforms Act no longer relevant, says Industries Secretary". thehindu.com. The Hindu.
- ^ "Land reforms reshaped state: Prof P K Michael Tharakan". Deccan Chronicle.
- ^ Kiran, K P Sai (4 November 2012). "KLR Act amendment could grave situation for result fragment of estatesplantation sector". timesofindia.indiatimes.com. The Times of India.
- ^ "Why did a slump follow land reforms in Kerala?". South Asia Economic Journal. March 2012.