Leghorn chicken

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the city in Tuscany, see Livorno.

Leghorn
FAO 2007: not at risk[1]: 151 
Other names
  • Livorno
  • Livornese
Useeggs
Traits
Weight
  • Male:
    2.4–3.4 kg
  • Female:
    2.0–2.5 kg
Skin colouryellow[2]: 114 
Egg colourwhite
Comb typesingle or rose
Classification
APAMediterranean[3]
EEyes[4]
PCGBsoft feather: light[5]
  • Gallus gallus domesticus

    • The Leghorn,[a] Italian: Livorno or Livornese, is a breed of chicken originating in Tuscany, in central Italy. Birds were first exported to North America in 1828 from the Tuscan port city of Livorno,[6] on the western coast of Italy. They were initially called "Italians", but by 1865 the breed was known as "Leghorn", the traditional anglicisation of "Livorno". The breed was introduced to Britain from the United States in 1870.[7] White Leghorns are commonly used as layer chickens in many countries of the world. Other Leghorn varieties are less common.

    History

    The origins of the Leghorn are not clear; it appears to derive from light breeds originating in rural Tuscany. The name comes from Leghorn, the traditional anglicisation of Livorno, the Tuscan port from which the first birds were exported to North America. The date of the first exports is variously reported as 1828,[6] "about 1830"[8]: 46  and 1852.[9] They were initially known as "Italians"; they were first referred to as "Leghorns" in 1865, in Worcester, Massachusetts.[10]

    The Leghorn was included in the American Standard of Perfection in 1874, with three colours: black, white and brown (light and dark). Rose comb light and dark brown were added in 1883, and rose comb white in 1886. Single comb buff and silver followed in 1894, and red, black-tailed red, and Columbian in 1929. In 1981 rose comb black, buff, silver, and golden duckwing were added.[9]

    The breed was first introduced to Britain from the United States in 1870, and from there re-exported to Italy.

    Yokohama birds. Buff Leghorns were first seen in Denmark in 1885, and in England in 1888.[12]
    : 411 

    Characteristics

    Brown Leghorn hen

    In Italy, where the Livorno breed standard is recent, ten

    Cream Legbar.[13] Both the American Poultry Association and the American Bantam Association recognize a number of Leghorn varieties including white, red, black-tailed red, light brown, dark brown, black, buff, Columbian, buff Columbian, barred, and silver. In Britain, the Leghorn Club recognises eighteen colours: golden duckwing, silver duckwing, partridge, brown, buff, exchequer, Columbian, pyle, white, black, blue, mottled, cuckoo, blue-red, lavender, red, crele, and buff Columbian.[7] Most Leghorns have single combs; a rose comb is permitted in some countries, but not in Italy. The legs are bright yellow, and the ear-lobes white.[6]

    The Italian standard gives a weight range of 2.4–2.7 kg (5.3–6.0 lb) for cocks, 2.0–2.3 kg (4.4–5.1 lb) for hens.[6] According to the British standard, fully grown Leghorn cocks weigh 3.4 kg (7.5 lb), hens 2.5 kg; cockerels weigh 2.7–2.95 kg and pullets 2–2.25 kg; for bantams the maximum weight is 1020 g for cocks and 910 g for hens.[7] Ring size is 18 mm for cocks, 16 mm for hens.[13]

    Use

    Leghorns are good layers of white

    eggs, laying an average of 280 per year and sometimes reaching 300–320, with a weight of at least 55 g.[6] White Leghorns have been much used to create highly productive egg-laying hybrids for commercial and industrial operations.[11]
    : 161 

    Notes

    1. ^ Pronunciation: US: /ˈlɛɡhɔːrn/, UK: /lɛˈɡɔːrn/

    References

    Wikimedia Commons has media related to Leghorn.
    1. ISBN 9789251057629
      . Archived 23 June 2020.
    2. ^ [s.n.] (1998). The American Standard of Perfection. Mendon, Massachusetts: American Poultry Association.
    3. ^ APA Recognized Breeds and Varieties: As of 1 January 2012. American Poultry Association. Archived 4 November 2017.
    4. ^ Liste des races et variétés homologuée dans les pays EE (28.04.2013). Entente Européenne d’Aviculture et de Cuniculture. Archived 16 June 2013.
    5. ^ Breed Classification. Poultry Club of Great Britain. Archived 12 June 2018.
    6. ^ a b c d e f g h Atlante delle razze di Polli - Razze italiane: Livorno Accessed December 2011. (in Italian).
    7. ^ a b c Standards. The Leghorn Club. Accessed December 2011.
    8. ISBN 9780444885579
      .
    9. ^ a b Leghorn Chicken. American Livestock Breeds Conservancy, 1993–2009. Accessed December 2011.
    10. ^ Background On The Brown Leghorn Chicken. American Brown Leghorn Club, 1998-2004. Accessed December 2011.
    11. ^
      ISBN 9781405156424
      .
    12. ^ Lewis Wright, Sidney Herbert Lewer ([1911]). Wright's Book of Poultry. Revised and edited in accordance with the latest Poultry Club standards. London; New York; Toronto; Melbourne: Cassell & Co.
    13. ^ a b Liste des races et variétés de Gallinacés et Palmipèdes domestiques et diamètres des bagues en mm (in French). Fédération française des volailles. Accessed December 2011.
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