Liberation Day (Albania)

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Map of Albania during World War II

Liberation Day (

Albanian resistance during World War II.[1]

Background

German soldiers in Albania

After Italy was defeated by the Allies, Germany occupied Albania in September 1943, dropping paratroopers into Tirana before the Albanian guerrillas could take the capital, and the German army soon drove the guerrillas into the hills and to the south. Berlin subsequently announced it would recognize the independence of a neutral Albania and organized an Albanian government, police, and military. Many Balli Kombëtar units collaborated with the Germans against the communists, and several Balli Kombëtar leaders held positions in the German-sponsored regime.[2]

The partisans entirely liberated Albania from German occupation on November 29, 1944. The National Liberation Army, which in October 1944 consisted of 70,000 regulars, also took part in the war alongside the antifascist coalition. By that time, the Red Army was also entering neighboring Yugoslavia, and the German Army was evacuating from Greece into Yugoslavia.[citation needed]

Commemoration

Communist era origins

The holiday was first proclaimed in the early 1950s as a day of commemoration. During the era of the

Voluntary Forces of Popular Self-Defense, the Republican Guard Regiment and UPSh personnel from the Directorate of State Security (Sigurimi), marching with musical accompaniment from the Band of the Albanian People's Army. It was held on jubilee years, including on the ruby jubilee in 1984 and the silver jubilee in 1969.[3][4]

A 1964 celebration at Peking University in honor of the 20th anniversary of the liberation of Albania.

A commemorative coin called "50 Qindarka" was issued by the Bank of Albania in honor of the 25th anniversary of the Liberation of Albania. Qemal Stafa Stadium was renovated in time for the 30th anniversary in 1974.

In the 50s and 60s, Albanians at foreign universities such as

Kim Il-sung University have held cross cultural events on the holiday.[5]

Modern times

Liberation Day comes a day after the

Chief of the Albanian General Staff and MPs of the Kuvendi.[8][9] In 2014, a military parade took place at the Ministry of Defense during the platinum jubilee of the Liberation of Albania, which included an exhibition drill and a mass inspection.[10]

Controversy

During the celebrations, war veterans often march in processions or sit at ceremonies while either carrying portraits of

USSR.[by whom?] The American Embassy reported that during the 70th Anniversary celebrations, Prime Minister Edi Rama ordered that these veterans be asked to leave.[11]

References

  1. .
  2. ^ "Albania – The Communist and Nationalist Resistance". countrystudies.us. U.S. Library of Congress. Retrieved March 29, 2015. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  3. ^ Veizi, Leonard (January 13, 2019). "PHOTO: Here's how the military parades unfolded before 1990". Gazeta Dita (in Albanian). Retrieved August 17, 2019.
  4. ^ Veizi, Leonard (November 10, 2012). "70s–80s parades, tanks and rockets on the boulevard". Shekulli (in Albanian). Retrieved August 17, 2019.
  5. ^ "Wilson Center Digital Archive".
  6. ^ "Liberation Day Commemorated in Albania".
  7. ^ "Albania: Liberation Day – The World This Week". sites.psu.edu.
  8. ^ "Liberation Day 2019 and 2020 in Albania". PublicHolidays.eu. Retrieved August 17, 2019.
  9. ^ Mehmeti, Sonila (November 29, 2014). "70th anniversary of liberation of Albania/ Senior officials pay homage to Martyrs Cemetery". Tirana. Albanian Telegraphic Agency. Archived from the original on August 17, 2019.
  10. ^ "Kremtohet 70-vjetori i Çlirimit të atdheut".
  11. ^ "Tirana's 70th anniversary of liberation. Veterans show Enver Hoxha's portraits". top-channel.tv.

Sources

External links

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