Linones
The Linones
The
In 811, following the annual spring assembly, Charlemagne sent another punitive expedition against the Linones.
In later records, the Linones are mentioned sporadically in association with the Obotrites. In 838,
The Linones are one of the peoples listed in the
Notes
- ^ Rossignol 2019 anglicizes the name as Linons and Rossignol 2011 germanizes it as Linonen.
- ^ Collins 1998, p. 167, calls them and the Smeldingi "some lesser Slavic peoples" in comparison with the Obotrites and Wilzi.
- ^ Fried 2016, p. 485; Collins 1998, p. 167; and see the maps in Scholz 1970, p. 52, and Goldberg 2006, pp. 350–351.
- ^ Nelson 1991, p. 47 n13.
- ^ Reuter 1992, p. 41 n7; Melleno 2017, p. 379.
- ^ Kats & Claszen 2012, vol. II, p. 164 n343.
- ^ AL, s.a. 808 (in Minois 2014, pp. 537–38): "Charles, fils de l'empereur Charles, traversa la rivière Elbe avec une armée franque contre les Wendes. Mais cette attaque ne fut pas un succès, et un grand nombre de Francs furent tués." [Charles, son of the emperor Charles, crossed the river Elbe with a Frankish army against the Wends. But this attack was not a success, and a great number of Franks were killed.]
- ^ RFA, s.a. 808 (in Scholz 1970, p. 88): "But Charles, the son of the emperor, built a bridge across the Elbe, and moved the army under his command as fast as he could across the river against the Linones and Smeldingi. These tribes had also defected to Godofrid. Charles laid waste their fields far and wide and after crossing the river again returned to Saxony with his army unimpaired."
- ^ Collins 1998, p. 167; Minois 2014, p. 537.
- ^ Melleno 2017, p. 363.
- ^ Collins 1998, p. 167; Melleno 2017, p. 368.
- ^ Minois 2014, p. 537.
- ^ Minois 2014, p. 537; Fried 2016, p. 485, suggests that "losses were heavy on both sides".
- ^ CM, s.a. 808 (in Kats & Claszen 2012, vol. II, p. 143): "Karolus imperator misit filium suum, Karolum regem, super Saxonia ultra Albia ad illos Sclavos, qui vocantur Linai, et vastavit maximam partem regionis ipsius. Sed et aliqui ex nostra partem ibidem ceciderunt." See also Minois 2014, p. 537.
- ^ Melleno 2017, p. 368.
- ^ RFA, s.a. 811 (in Scholz 1970, p. 93): "After peace had been made with Hemming and the general assembly held at Aachen according to custom, the emperor sent into three parts of his kingdom an equal number of armies. One went beyond the Elbe against the Linones, which ravaged their territory and restored the castle of Hohbuoki on the Elbe destroyed by the Wilzi in the preceding year."
- ^ Minois 2014, pp. 553–54.
- ^ CM, s.a. 811 (in Kats & Claszen 2012, vol. II, p. 145): "Misit Karolus imperator exercitum Francorum et Saxonorum et hostem ultra Albia ad illos Sclavos, qui nominantur Lanai et Bechelenzi et vastaverunt regiones illas et aedificaverunt iterum castello in loco, qui dicitur Abochi." See also Rossignol 2019, p. 50.
- ^ Goldberg 2006, pp. 122–123, 134.
- ^ AB, s.a. 839 (in Nelson 1991, p. 47): "Two expeditions were mounted: a Saxon one against the attacks of the Sorbs and Wilzes who had recently left several villae of the Saxon March in flames; and a combined Austrasian–Thuringian one against the rebellious Obodrites and the people called the Linones."
- ^ AF, s.a. 858 (in Reuter 1992, p. 41): "Louis ... after he had discussed and dealt with many things of importance for the kingdom with his men, decided that three armies should be sent to different frontiers of his kingdom ... [the] second under Louis, his younger son, against the Abodrites and Linones".
- ^ Goldberg 2006, p. 135 n73.
- ^ Goldberg 2006, pp. 135–136.
Bibliography
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