Liudas Vaineikis

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Liudas Vaineikis
Born(1869-08-31)31 August 1869
Moscow University
Occupation(s)Physician, activist, book smuggler
SpouseStasė Vaineikienė
AwardsOrder of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas (1928)

Liudas Vaineikis (31 August 1869 – 17 January 1938) was a physician and notable member of the

Lithuanian book smuggling movement during the Lithuanian press ban
(1864–1904).

Already as a student at

Kazan University and moved to Palanga to work as a physician. He continued to be involved in Lithuanian cultural life and smuggle illegal Lithuanian and social democratic publications. In 1899, he managed to obtain a government permit for America in the Bathhouse
(Amerika pirtyje), the first Lithuanian-language theater performance in present-day Lithuania. He was arrested in 1900. His cased grew to involve many other prominent Lithuanian activists. He was sentenced to five years of internal exile in February 1902 but was released after the Lithuanian press ban was lifted in 1904.

During the

Lithuanian Social Democratic Party and edited the party's newspaper Darbininkų balsas. After around 1908, he distanced himself from political work. During World War I, he worked as a doctor in Central Asia. He returned to Palanga in 1922 and unsuccessfully participated in the elections to the Seimas
(Lithuanian parliament). He was elected to the first city council of Palanga in 1932, but the Lithuanian government would not approve him as deputy mayor. He died of a heart disease in Kaunas in 1938.

Biography

Early life and education

Vaineikis was born on 31 August 1869 in

smuggled Lithuanian publications.[3]

Vaineikis continued his studies at the Medical Faculty of

Kazan University.[2]

Activist

Organizers of America in the Bathhouse in Palanga. Vaineikis sit in the middle with the poster.

In 1897, he was allowed to move to

Vincas Kapsukas.[2] Living close to the Russia–Prussia border, he supported Lithuanian book smugglers and also organized the smuggling and distribution of Latvian and Russian social democratic publications.[5][4] In 1899, he managed to obtain a government permit for America in the Bathhouse (Amerika pirtyje), the first Lithuanian-language theater performance in present-day Lithuania. In 1900, he assisted in organizing the display of Lithuanian publications at the world's fair in Paris.[2]

In April 1900, Tsarist police seized four bundles of illegal publications: three with Russian social democratic texts and one with Lithuanian publications. Further investigation revealed that this cargo was organized by Vaineikis.

Mitau and Libau.[2] On 27 February 1902, Tsar approved sentences (internal exile) of 23 Lithuanians, including Vaneikis, Augustinas Janulaitis, Jonas Jablonskis, Gabrielius Landsbergis-Žemkalnis, Rokas Šliūpas, Jonas Ambrozaitis [lt], Vladas Požela [lt].[7]

Vaineikis was exiled to the

Lithuanian Social Democratic Party. Together with Andrius Domaševičius, he edited the party's newspaper Darbininkų balsas[9] and supported revolutionary causes. Around 1908, Vaineikis shifted his focus to more cultural and anti-religious freethought work.[2]

Later life

He worked as a doctor in Central Asia (

Lithuanian Red Aid[13] (his daughter Liuda was an active member of both).[14]

Due to political disagreements with the regime of President Antanas Smetona, Vaineikis was forced to leave Palanga for Alsėdžiai.[8] After his return to Palanga, he became the city's official physician. Vaineikis and his wife were elected to the first city council in December 1932. Vaineikis was selected as a deputy of mayor Jonas Šliūpas, but was not officially confirmed[15] (ostensibly due his "old" age of 64).[2]

For his contributions to the Lithuanian National Revival, Vaineikis was awarded the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas (3rd degree) in 1928[5] and given a state pension of 380 litas.[2]

Vaineikis died from a heart ailment on 17 January 1938 at the Jonas Basanavičius Military Hospital in Kaunas.[1] He was cremated and, with the help of General Vladas Nagevičius, the urn with his ashes was added to a wall in the Vytautas the Great War Museum. It was removed during World War II and is now kept at the Anatomy Museum of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences.[8]

Legacy

Vaineikis house in Palanga was demolished in 1973.[8] At this location, a bust of Vaineikis by architect Rūsna Vaineikytė (Vaineikis' granddaughter) and sculptor Jonas Jagėla [lt] was erected in 1989.[16]

Personal life

In 1900,

Lithuanian Communist Party and merited artists of the Lithuanian SSR (1958).[14]

References

  1. ^ a b c Tsb (16 February 1938). "Dr. Liudas Vaineikis – didysis lietuvių spaudos draudimo laikų kovotojas" (PDF). Naujienos (in Lithuanian). 39 (XXV): 4.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Vaineikis Liudas". Žemaičių žemė (in Lithuanian). Regionų kultūrinių iniciatyvų centras. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  3. ^ Petrulienė, Daliutė (31 March 2003). "Iš Joniškio krašto muziejaus rinkinių: Joniškio krašto knygnešiai (1864–1904 m.), "Atgaja"". Lietuviškas žodis (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  4. ^
    ISBN 9986-09-018-0
    .
  5. ^ a b "Liudas Vaineikis". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras. 22 February 2022 [2018]. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  6. ISSN 2029-1299
    .
  7. ^ "Bausmės". Darbininkų balsas (in Lithuanian). 4: 71. May 1902.
  8. ^ a b c d Dykovienė, Asta (7 May 2012). "Aukojo gyvenimą, kad tautiečiai nepamirštų lietuviško žodžio". Diena.lt (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  9. OCLC 6195352
    .
  10. ^ Beniušis, Romualdas (13 March 2023). "Rašytoja Stasė Vaineikienė į skaitytojus prabilo ir uzbekiškai" (in Lithuanian). Pajūrio naujienos. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  11. ^ Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausioji rinkimų komisija (1922). "Lietuvos valstiečių sąjungos kandidatų į Lietuvos Respublikos I seimą IV rinkimų apygardoje sąrašas Nr. 10". Europeana (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  12. ^ Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausioji rinkimų komisija (1923). "Mažeikių ir Kretingos nepartinių savivaldybininkų sąjungos "Savivalda" kandidatų į Lietuvos Respublikos II seimą IV rinkimų apygardoje sąrašas Nr. 18". Europeana (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  13. ^ Šarmaitis, Rokas, ed. (1978). Lietuvos Komunistų partijos istorijos apybraiža (in Lithuanian). Vol. 2. 1920–1940. Vilnius: Mintis. p. 392.
  14. ^
    OCLC 20017802
    .
  15. ^ Paluckienė, Virginija (4 November 2022). "Palangos miesto savivaldai – 90 metų" (in Lithuanian). Palangos tiltas. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  16. ^ Palangos miesto savivaldybės viešoji biblioteka (2017). "Gydytojo, knygnešio Liudo Vaineikio biustas". Krašto gidas (in Lithuanian). Klaipėdos apskrities Ievos Simonaitytės viešoji biblioteka. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  17. ^ Spevakovienė, Bronislava (3 April 2014). "Per gyvenimą – su žemaitišku atkaklumu" (in Lithuanian). Palangos tiltas. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
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