Luftwaffe guards at concentration camps

Mauthausen-Gusen

subcamp were Luftwaffe soldiers.

During

forced labor for armaments production were often run by the branch of the Wehrmacht that used the products.^[1] The Wehrmacht also posted about 10,000 soldiers to concentration camps because of a shortage of guards in mid-1944, including many from the Luftwaffe.^[2]

Camp operations

By the end of the war, 2,700 Luftwaffe soldiers worked as guards at Buchenwald and its subcamps.^[3] The main camps of Flossenbürg^[4] Mittelbau-Dora,^[5] and Natzweiler had many Luftwaffe guards.^[6]

In late 1943, a Luftwaffe salvage yard (

flak units to protect Monowitz factories from air attack.^[11] By early 1944, there were 1,000 Luftwaffe guards at Auschwitz.^[12]

Luftwaffe guards had a reputation for being slightly less brutal than the SS, in several cases attempting to improve the conditions for prisoners.

death march,^[16] and tortured and murdered prisoners at Wiener Neudorf, a subcamp of Mauthausen concentration camp.^[1] For the latter crimes, Ludwig Stier, the Luftwaffe captain in charge of the Luftwaffe soldiers at the camp, was sentenced to death by a US military court in 1947 and executed.^[17]

List of camps with primarily Luftwaffe guards

Buchenwald subcamps: Mühlhausen^[18]
and

Stalag-13 Wernigerode [19]

Dachau subcamps: Horgau,^[20] Fischen,^[21] Ottobrunn,^[22] Stephanskirchen,^[23] and Sudelfeld^[24]
Flossenbürg subcamps: Altenhammer,^[25] Holleischen,^[26] Kirchham,^[27] Leitmeritz,^[28] and Mülsen St. Micheln^[29]
Gross-Rosen subcamps: Brieg^[30] and Kittlitztreben^[31]

Herzogenbusch subcamps: Breda,^[32] Leeuwarden,^[33] and Venlo^[34]

Hinzert subcamps: Langendiebach I and II,^[35] Mainz-Finthen,^[36] Merzhausen,^[37] Seligenstadt,^[38] and Usingen^[39]

Mauthausen-Gusen subcamps: Gusen II,^[40] Melk,^[41] Wiener Neudorf,^[1] and Schwechat^[42]

Mielec concentration camp^[43]

Mittelbau-Dora subcamps: Ellrich,^[44] Günzerode^[45]

Natzweiler subcamps: Cochem-Bruttig,^[46] Erzingen,^[47] Hailfingen airfield, where almost 200 prisoners died,^[48] Neckarelz I and II,^[49] and Mannheim-Waldhof^[50]

Neuengamme subcamps: Beendorf,^[51] Bremen,^[52] Bremen-Obernheide,^[53] Kaltenkirchen,^[54] and Meppen-Dalum^[55]
A forced labor camp near the Nowy Swierzen ghetto^[56]
Ravensbrück subcamps: Karlshagen I and II^[57]

SS-Baubrigaden: 13 camps involved in the construction of V-1 weapons sites in occupied France [58]
Sachsenhausen subcamps: Mackenrode,^[59] Nüxi,^[60] and Wieda^[61]
Stutthof subcamps: Gerdauen,^[62] Heiligenbeil,^[63] Jesau,^[64] Praust,^[65] Schippenbeil,^[66] and Seerappen^[67]

References

Citations

^ ^a ^b ^c USHMM 2009, p. 955.
^ Blatman 2011, p. 371.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 291.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 568.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 969.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 1010.
^ Rawson 2015, p. 38.
^ Auschwitz Study Group.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 222.
^ ^a ^b Langbein 2005, p. 280.
^ Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum.
^ Uziel 2011, p. 54.
^ USHMM 2009, pp. 533, 623, 648, 649, 834, 835, 837, 936, 984, 1023, 1059, 1454.
^ USHMM 2009, pp. 391, 533, 570, 641, 1059, 1152, 1248, 1464, 1478.
^ USHMM 2009, pp. 336, 402, 702, 821, 1365, 1368, 1426.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 641.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 956.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 396.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 437.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 453.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 493.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 533.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 547.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 550.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 570.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 615.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 623.
^ Skriebeleit 2007, p. 174.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 640.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 717.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 754.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 820.
^ USHMM 2009, pp. 820–1.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 821.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 834.
^ USHMM 2009, pp. 834–5.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 837.
^ USHMM 2009, pp. 839–40.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 840.
^ Mauthausen Memorial.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 936.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 962.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 870.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 979.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 1379.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 1020.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 1029.
^ Mall & Roth.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 1046.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 1043.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 1083.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 1090.
^ USHMM 2009, pp. 1096–7.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 1152.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 1159.
^ USHMM 2012, p. 1152.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 1208.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 1369.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 1388.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 1390.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 1397.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 1453.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 1459.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 1463.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 1471.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 1477.
^ USHMM 2009, p. 1479.

Bibliography

"Mini dictionary".
Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum
. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
"Zerlegebetrieb". Auschwitz Study Group. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
ISBN 9780674059191
.

ISBN 978-0-8078-6363-3
.

Mall, Volker; Roth, Harald. "The KZ-Außenlager (subcamp) at the Night-Fighter Airbase Hailfingen/Tailfingen". Alemannia Judaica: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für die Erforschung der Geschichte der Juden im süddeutschen und angrenzenden Raum. Translated by Baumann, Christof. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
"Die SS" [The SS] (in German). Mauthausen Memorial. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
Rawson, Andrew (2015). Auschwitz: The Nazi Solution. Pen and Sword.
ISBN 9781473827981
.

Skriebeleit, Jörg (2007). "Leitmeritz". In Benz, Wolfgang; Distel, Barbara (eds.). Flossenbürg: das Konzentrationslager Flossenbürg und seine Außenlager [Flossenbürg: Flossenbürg Concentration Camp and its Subcamps] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck. pp. 169–175.
ISBN 9783406562297
.

USHMM (2009).
ISBN 978-0-253-35328-3
.

USHMM (2012).
ISBN 978-0-253-00202-0
.

Uziel, Daniel (2011). Arming the Luftwaffe: The German Aviation Industry in World War II. Jefferson: McFarland.
ISBN 9780786488797
.

External links

Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945 (free download at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum web site)

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009955-1] USHMM 2009, p. 955.

[FOOTNOTEBlatman2011371-2] Blatman 2011, p. 371.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009291-3] USHMM 2009, p. 291.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009568-4] USHMM 2009, p. 568.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009969-5] USHMM 2009, p. 969.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM20091010-6] USHMM 2009, p. 1010.

[FOOTNOTERawson201538-7] Rawson 2015, p. 38.

[FOOTNOTEAuschwitz_Study_Group-8] Auschwitz Study Group.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009222-9] USHMM 2009, p. 222.

[FOOTNOTELangbein2005280-10] Langbein 2005, p. 280.

[FOOTNOTEAuschwitz-Birkenau_Memorial_and_Museum-11] Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum.

[FOOTNOTEUziel201154-12] Uziel 2011, p. 54.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009533,_623,_648,_649,_834,_835,_837,_936,_984,_1023,_1059,_1454-13] USHMM 2009, pp. 533, 623, 648, 649, 834, 835, 837, 936, 984, 1023, 1059, 1454.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009391,_533,_570,_641,_1059,_1152,_1248,_1464,_1478-14] USHMM 2009, pp. 391, 533, 570, 641, 1059, 1152, 1248, 1464, 1478.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009336,_402,_702,_821,_1365,_1368,_1426-15] USHMM 2009, pp. 336, 402, 702, 821, 1365, 1368, 1426.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009641-16] USHMM 2009, p. 641.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009956-17] USHMM 2009, p. 956.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009396-18] USHMM 2009, p. 396.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009437-19] USHMM 2009, p. 437.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009453-20] USHMM 2009, p. 453.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009493-21] USHMM 2009, p. 493.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009533-22] USHMM 2009, p. 533.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009547-23] USHMM 2009, p. 547.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009550-24] USHMM 2009, p. 550.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009570-25] USHMM 2009, p. 570.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009615-26] USHMM 2009, p. 615.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009623-27] USHMM 2009, p. 623.

[FOOTNOTESkriebeleit2007174-28] Skriebeleit 2007, p. 174.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009640-29] USHMM 2009, p. 640.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009717-30] USHMM 2009, p. 717.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009754-31] USHMM 2009, p. 754.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009820-32] USHMM 2009, p. 820.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009820–1-33] USHMM 2009, pp. 820–1.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009821-34] USHMM 2009, p. 821.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009834-35] USHMM 2009, p. 834.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009834–5-36] USHMM 2009, pp. 834–5.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009837-37] USHMM 2009, p. 837.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009839–40-38] USHMM 2009, pp. 839–40.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009840-39] USHMM 2009, p. 840.

[FOOTNOTEMauthausen_Memorial-40] Mauthausen Memorial.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009936-41] USHMM 2009, p. 936.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009962-42] USHMM 2009, p. 962.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009870-43] USHMM 2009, p. 870.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM2009979-44] USHMM 2009, p. 979.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM20091379-45] USHMM 2009, p. 1379.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM20091020-46] USHMM 2009, p. 1020.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM20091029-47] USHMM 2009, p. 1029.

[FOOTNOTEMallRoth-48] Mall & Roth.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM20091046-49] USHMM 2009, p. 1046.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM20091043-50] USHMM 2009, p. 1043.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM20091083-51] USHMM 2009, p. 1083.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM20091090-52] USHMM 2009, p. 1090.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM20091096–7-53] USHMM 2009, pp. 1096–7.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM20091152-54] USHMM 2009, p. 1152.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM20091159-55] USHMM 2009, p. 1159.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM20121152-56] USHMM 2012, p. 1152.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM20091208-57] USHMM 2009, p. 1208.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM20091369-58] USHMM 2009, p. 1369.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM20091388-59] USHMM 2009, p. 1388.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM20091390-60] USHMM 2009, p. 1390.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM20091397-61] USHMM 2009, p. 1397.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM20091453-62] USHMM 2009, p. 1453.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM20091459-63] USHMM 2009, p. 1459.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM20091463-64] USHMM 2009, p. 1463.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM20091471-65] USHMM 2009, p. 1471.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM20091477-66] USHMM 2009, p. 1477.

[FOOTNOTEUSHMM20091479-67] USHMM 2009, p. 1479.

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