Magnolia Plantation and Gardens (Charleston, South Carolina)
Magnolia Plantation and Gardens | |
Nearest city | Charleston, South Carolina |
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Coordinates | 32°52′35″N 80°05′01″W / 32.87651°N 80.08351°W |
Area | 390 acres (160 ha) |
Built | 1850 |
NRHP reference No. | 72001198[1] |
Added to NRHP | December 11, 1972 |
Magnolia Plantation and Gardens (464 acres, 187.77 hectares) is a historic house with gardens located on the
The plantation dates to 1676, when Thomas and Ann Drayton (née Anna Fox) built a house and small formal garden on the site. The plantation still remains under the control of the Drayton family after 15 generations.[citation needed] Some of the enslaved people who were forced to work at the house were brought by the Draytons from Barbados in the 1670s.[4] The historic Drayton Hall was built in 1738 by enslaved laborers for John Drayton, grandfather of judge John Drayton II, on an adjoining property.
Magnolia was originally a rice plantation, with extensive earthworks of dams and dikes built in fields along the river for irrigating land for rice cultivation.
History
Magnolia became known for its
Drayton, an Episcopal minister, began to have the gardens reworked in an English style; according to legend, this was done to lure his bride south from her native
The
In the 20th century, notable visitors included George Gershwin, Henry Ford, Eleanor Roosevelt, Orson Welles and Reba McEntire. In the early 20th century, the impressionist painter William Posey Silva painted the garden a number of times, and several of his canvases are on display in the main house.[5]
Magnolia Plantation hosts weddings and other special events. Some critics have described plantation weddings such as those at Magnolia Plantation as "creepy" and "disturbing", although Magnolia Plantation has been credited for including information regarding slavery on their website.[6][7]
Description
Magnolia Plantation is operated as a house museum and tourist attraction. It has a reconstructed and restored plantation house, based on what was built after the Civil War. The oldest section was built prior to the Revolutionary War near Summerville. This structure was transported down the Ashley River after the Civil War and added to the house during its rebuilding. The wide verandah and huge columns were added more recently.
Enslaved Africans and African Americans worked in large gangs and lived in large groups on such plantations as Magnolia and others in the Low Country and the Sea Islands, often with little interference by whites. They developed a Creole language, now known as Gullah, that was based on West African languages and incorporated some English, as well as a culture that drew from these various cultures. This is considered a unique culture among the various African-American groups, distinguished by a specific cuisine, which features rice and seafood, and crafts such as baskets made of sea grass.[4]
Of the five cabins on site, four were built in slavery times and one about 1900. During the Reconstruction period and later, freedmen lived in the former slave cabins. In order to represent the range of enslaved and free black workers' lives, these cabins have been restored to differing periods: one for 1850 and others to decades after the Civil War into the 20th century. The interpretive program reflects African-American history at the plantation, From Slavery to Freedom. Archeological work is revealing more about the lives of both slaves and free black workers, who were skilled gardeners and craftsmen.[4]
Other elements of the plantation emphasize the natural setting: a nature train, a marsh boat tour, and a wildlife area. A petting zoo and the gardens feature a kind of cultivated nature. Many of today's attractions were built starting in 1975 during the garden's renewal.
Major garden features include numerous azalea plantings, as well as:
- Barbados Tropical Garden - indoor tropical garden.
- Biblical Garden - plants mentioned in the Bible, with Old Testament and New Testament areas
- Camellia Collection - First Camellia japonica plantings date from the 1820s, with current plantings containing nearly 900 varieties. Nearly 150 were bred in the gardens' nursery.
- Cattail Wildlife Refuge - approximately 500 acres (2 km2), with tower for bird observation.
- Cypress Lake - Bald cypresstrees, up to 100 years old, along riverbanks and wetlands.
- Flowerdale (50 acres) - Oldest sections established in 1680. Formal plantings of annuals set within triangular beds enclosed by boxwood hedges. Two large camellias date from the 1840s.
- Long Bridge - Built in the 1840s, one of seven bridges on the grounds.
- Maze - replica of England's famous Hampton Court maze, but planted with some 500 Camellia sasanqua interspersed with Burford holly. Nearly 14 miles (23 km) of pathways.
- Nature Center and Zoo - domesticated animals typical to Southern plantations, injured or orphaned native animals, and exotic birds, including Malayan jungle fowl, peacocks.
- Swamp Garden - emphasizing indigenous plants and rich ecosystem.
See also
- John Grimké Drayton
- McLeod Plantation
- Middleton Place
- List of botanical gardens in the United States
- Old St. Andrew's Parish Church
- St. Andrew's Mission Church (Charleston, South Carolina)
References
This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2016) |
- ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
- ^ a b c Bull, Elias B.; Bernard Kearse. "Magnolia Plantation and Gardens" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places - Nomination and Inventory. Retrieved June 10, 2012.
- ^ "Magnolia Plantation and Gardens, Charleston County (S.C. Hwy. 61, Charleston vicinity)". National Register Properties in South Carolina. South Carolina Department of Archives and History. Retrieved June 10, 2012.
- ^ a b c d Rosengarten, Dale. "Drayton Hall Towards Truth and Reconciliation". Drayton Hall official website.
- ^ "Garden of Dreams". Magnolia Plantation & Gardens website. Accessed June 10, 2016.
- ^ "Disturbing wedding trend: Getting married at a plantation". Salon. January 5, 2014. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
- ^ "Creepy wedding trend: 'Let's get married at a former slave plantation'". The Telegraph. January 10, 2014. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
External links
- Magnolia Plantation and Gardens, Official website
- "Magnolia Plantation Visitor's Info". Charleston Insider's Guide. Archived from the original on June 25, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2022.